A Study on the Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome Patients With Exercise Prescription Based on Ventilatory Threshold Using Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

Inclusion criteria

• Patients were included who met the Chinese Diabetic Society diagnostic criteria for MS-i.e., three or more of the following five items: (i) abdominal obesity (i.e., central obesity) with waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in males and ≥ 85 cm in females; (ii) hyperglycemia defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/L two hours after glucose loading, or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; (iii) hypertension defined as blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or diagnosed with hypertension; (iv) fasting triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.70 mmol/L; and (v) fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1.04 mmol/L.
• Patients were aged 25 to 65 years, with no restrictions on number of males or females.
• Patients exhibited a long-term sedentary lifestyle and did not carry out moderate-intensity physical activity for at least three d/week of 30 min/d duration within three months of the study.
• Patients were willing to participate and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients in an acute phase of various diseases or with organ failure, tumor, myocardial infarction, cardiac insufficiency, myocarditis, or chronic lung disease;
• Patients with long-term alcohol consumption and those unable to ensure regular lifestyle habits during the intervention period;
• Patients who were unable to ensure that they would carry out the stipulated exercise protocol during the intervention; and
• Patients with drug modifications during the intervention that could affect the outcome markers.