A Study on the Effects of Breathing Exercises and Aerobic Exercise on the Health of Men in Drug Rehabilitation

• Exploration and Standardization of a Combined Exercise Program Tailored for Drug Rehabilitation Facilities. This section forms the foundation of the study and aims to develop an 8-week combined exercise program that is safe, effective, and easy to implement, specifically tailored to the environment and characteristics of residents in compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centers. The content not only covers specific methods for integrating resistance-based breathing exercises with aerobic exercises (such as sequence, frequency, intensity, and duration) but also focuses on designing standardized operating procedures. These include concise instructions for participants, demonstration videos, key safety monitoring points (such as using the Borg Subjective Fatigue Scale or heart rate monitoring), and contingency plans for addressing common issues. The goal is to produce a "ready-to-use" guidebook that lays a solid foundation for subsequent implementation.
• Empirical Validation and Comparison of the Combined Exercise Program's Efficacy. This section constitutes the core of the study, aiming to empirically validate the actual effectiveness of this combined program for male individuals in the drug rehabilitation phase through a randomized controlled trial. Effectiveness evaluation will be entirely centered on the application objectives. It will primarily include: ① Physical Health: Focusing on verifying its effectiveness in improving areas of weakness among drug rehabilitation participants, such as cardiopulmonary function, muscle strength, and body composition; ② Mental Health and Quality of Life: Focusing on its positive impact on core rehabilitation goals such as anxiety and depression, sleep quality, and drug craving. The investigators will employ a controlled design with a combined-training group and a single-training group to address a key practical question: Does this combined program produce a "1+1>2" synergistic effect compared with single-modality resistance-breathing training or aerobic exercise, thereby offering greater practical value?

Inclusion criteria

• Male, aged 18 to 50 years, able to understand and comply with the study protocol
• Meets the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder; in rehabilitation for ≥1 month; withdrawal symptoms are stable (confirmed by medical staff)
• No severe cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, musculoskeletal injury, or other contraindications to physical activity
• Basic reading and writing ability to independently complete questionnaire assessments
• Voluntarily signed informed consent and committed to complying with the 8-week training program

Exclusion criteria

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• Presence of contraindications to exercise (e.g., recent fracture, severe arrhythmia, uncontrolled hypertension)
• Concurrent severe mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, acute depressive episode) or currently receiving unstable psychiatric medication
• Currently participating in other intervention studies or clinical trials
• Expected training compliance rate <70% (e.g., unable to complete the 8-week intervention due to transfer or disciplinary action)
• Unable to continue participation for personal reasons (e.g., early discharge, serious disciplinary violation)