A Study of Tiragolumab in Combination With Atezolizumab Plus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin/Cisplatin Versus Pembrolizumab Plus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin/Cisplatin in Participants With Previously Untreated Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of PD, as determined by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) criteria, or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the sum of diameters (SOD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline), in addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Kaplan-Meier (KM) methodology was used to estimate the median PFS.

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause. KM methodology was used to estimate the median OS.

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of PD, as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1 criteria, or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline), in addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. KM methodology was used to estimate the median PFS.

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of PD, as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1 criteria, or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline), in addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. KM methodology was used to estimate the median PFS.

PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the first occurrence of PD, as determined by the investigator according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) criteria, or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline), in addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. KM methodology was used to estimate the median PFS.

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause. KM methodology was used to estimate the median OS.

OS was defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause. KM methodology was used to estimate the median OS.

PFS at 6 months and 12 months was defined as the percentage of participants who have not experienced PD as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1 or death from any cause at 6 months and at 12 months, respectively. PD was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline), in addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions.

OS rate at 12 months and 24 months was defined as the percentage of participants who have not experienced death from any cause at 12 and 24 months, respectively.

DOR was defined as the time from the first occurrence of a documented objective response (OR) to PD, as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1, or death from any cause, whichever occurred first. Complete response (CR) was defined as the disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target lesions) must have a reduction in short axis to <10 millimeters (mm). PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline SOD, in the absence of CR. Partial response (PR) was defined as at least a 20% increase in the SOD of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest SOD at prior timepoints (including baseline) or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the SOD must also demonstrate an absolute increase of ≥5 mm. KM methodology was used to estimate the median DOR.

ORR was defined as a percentage of participants with a CR or PR on two consecutive occasions ≥ 4 weeks apart, as determined by the investigator according to RECIST v1.1. CR was defined as disappearance of all target and non-target lesions. Any pathological lymph nodes (whether target or non-target lesions) must have a reduction in short axis to <10 mm. PR was defined as at least a 30% decrease in the SOD of all target lesions, taking as reference the baseline SOD, in the absence of CR. Percentages have been rounded off.

EORTC QLQ-C30=self-reported measure, with 30 questions assessing 5 aspects of subjects functioning (physical, emotional, role, cognitive & social), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea & vomiting, & pain), global health status (GHS) & Quality of Life (QoL), & 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea & financial difficulties) within the previous week. Functioning & symptoms items were scored on a 4-point scale: 1=not at all to 4=very much. Scores were linearly transformed to a range of 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better functioning. TTCD was defined time from the date of randomization until the first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration. Confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration was defined as score decrease of ≥10 from baseline in PF scale score that were held for at least two consecutive assessments or an initial ≥10 decrease from baseline followed by death from any cause within 3 weeks.

EORTC QLQ-C30=self-reported measure, with 30 questions assessing 5 aspects of subjects functioning (physical, emotional, role, cognitive & social), 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea & vomiting, & pain), global health status (GHS) & Quality of Life (QoL), & 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea & financial difficulties) within the previous week . GHS and QoL items were scored on a 7-point scale (1=very poor 7=excellent). Scores were linearly transformed to a range of 0 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better GHS/QoL. TTCD was defined as time from the date of randomization until the first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration. Confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration was defined as score decrease of ≥10 from baseline in GHS/QoL scale score that were held for at least two consecutive assessments or an initial ≥10 decrease from baseline followed by death from any cause within 3 weeks.

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is comprised of 13 lung cancer-specific items and includes 11 disease-specific scales/items (dyspnea, coughing, hemoptysis, sore mouth, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, pain in chest, pain in arm or shoulder, pain in other parts, pain medication). Symptoms were scored on a 4-point scale: 1=not at all to 4=very much. Scores are linearly transformed to a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a worse level of dyspnoea. TTCD was defined as time from the date of randomization until the first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration. Confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration in symptoms was defined as a score increase of ≥ 10-point from baseline in a symptom score that must be held for at least two consecutive assessments or an initial increase ≥ 10-point from baseline followed by death from any cause within 3 weeks.

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is comprised of 13 lung cancer-specific items and includes 11 disease-specific scales/items (dyspnea, coughing, hemoptysis, sore mouth, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, pain in chest, pain in arm or shoulder, pain in other parts, pain medication). Chest pain were scored on a 4-point scale: 1=not at all to 4=very much. Scores are linearly transformed to a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a worse level of chest pain. TTCD was defined as time from the date of randomization until the first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration. Confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration in symptoms was defined as a score increase of ≥ 10-point from baseline in a symptom score that must be held for at least two consecutive assessments or an initial increase ≥ 10-point from baseline followed by death from any cause within 3 weeks.

The EORTC QLQ-LC13 is comprised of 13 lung cancer-specific items and includes 11 disease-specific scales/items (dyspnea, coughing, hemoptysis, sore mouth, dysphagia, peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, pain in chest, pain in arm or shoulder, pain in other parts, pain medication). Cough were scored on a 4-point scale: 1=not at all to 4=very much. Scores are linearly transformed to a range of 0 to 100. A higher score indicates a worse level of cough. TTCD was defined as time from the date of randomization until the first confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration. Confirmed clinically meaningful deterioration in symptoms was defined as a score increase of ≥ 10-point from baseline in a symptom score that must be held for at least two consecutive assessments or an initial increase ≥ 10-point from baseline followed by death from any cause within 3 weeks.

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including abnormal laboratory values or abnormal clinical test results), symptoms, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product.

The EORTC IL46 is a validated single-item question that assesses overall side effect impact, i.e. "To what extent have you been troubled with side-effects from your treatment ". Each item is scored on a 4-point scale (1= Not at all, 2= A Little, 3= Quite a Bit, and 4= Very Much).

Participants who received atezolizumab were considered to be treatment-emergent ADA-positive if they were ADA-negative or had missing data at baseline but developed an ADA response following atezolizumab exposure (treatment-induced ADA response), or if they were ADA-positive at baseline and the titer of one or more post-baseline samples was at least 0.60 titer units (t.u.) greater than the titer of the baseline sample (treatment-enhanced ADA response). Participants with a positive post-baseline sample has been reported here.

Participants who received tiragolumab were considered to be treatment-emergent ADA-positive if they were ADA-negative or had missing data at baseline but developed an ADA response following tiragolumab exposure (treatment-induced ADA response), or if they were ADA-positive at baseline and the titer of one or more post-baseline samples was at least 0.60 t.u. greater than the titer of the baseline sample (treatment-enhanced ADA response). Participants with a positive post-baseline sample has been reported here.