A Study of Pentamidine Plus Dapsone in the Prevention of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-Infected Patients Who Cannot Take Trimethoprim or Sulfonamides

To compare the safety and efficacy of aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone in the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in high-risk HIV-infected patients who are intolerant to trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides.

Both aerosolized pentamidine and dapsone have been shown to prevent PCP, but both drugs cause side effects. This study attempts to determine which drug is more efficacious as prophylaxis against PCP in patients who cannot tolerate trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

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Key information

Conditions

Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii AIDS-Related Complex Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Blood-Borne Infections Communicable Diseases Genital Diseases HIV Infections Immune System Diseases Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Infections Lentivirus Infections Lung Diseases Lung Diseases, Fungal Mycoses Pneumocystis Infections Pneumonia Pneumonia, Pneumocystis RNA Virus Infections Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Infections Retroviridae Infections Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral Slow Virus Diseases Urogenital Diseases Virus Diseases

Age range

13 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Phase 3

Primary location

Community Consortium of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States

About this study

Patients are evenly divided between two treatment arms to receive either aerosolized pentamidine every 4 weeks or dapsone orally three times weekly. Follow-up data is collected every 3 months, and patients are clinically evaluated every 6 months. Patients who develop PCP or a severe or persistent study drug toxicity may be switched to the alternative study drug at the clinician's discretion. Average duration of follow-up is 2 years.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: No

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Patients must have:

HIV infection.
CD4 count <= 200 cells/mm3 or <= 15 percent of total lymphocytes OR a history of prior PCP.
History of intolerance to trimethoprim and/or sulfonamides.
No active pneumocystosis. Patient or guardian must sign informed consent. Pregnant patients are eligible at the clinician's discretion. Patients who do not meet required laboratory values may be eligible at the discretion of the clinician.

Exclusion criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

Any medication with potential anti-PCP activity.

Patients with the following prior conditions are excluded:

Treatment-limiting reaction to pentamidine or dapsone.

Treatment and study plan

Pentamidine isethionate

Drug

Dapsone

Drug

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Nih

Collaborators

Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co
Jacobus Pharmaceutical

Registry information

Official study title

A Randomized, Comparative, Prospective Study of Monthly Aerosolized Pentamidine and Thrice Weekly Dapsone for Prophylaxis Against PCP in HIV-Infected Patients Who Are Intolerant to Trimethoprim and/or Sulfonamides

Important dates

Study completion: 1994
First posted: Aug 31, 2001
Registry last updated: Nov 1, 2021

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

Published trials that share one or more normalized conditions with this study.

Completed