A Study of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for Treatment of Influenza in Immunocompromised Participants.

An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant administered a pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with the treatment. An adverse event can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a pharmaceutical product, whether or not considered related to the pharmaceutical product. Preexisting conditions which worsen during a study are also considered as adverse events.

Resistance was defined as the presence of oseltamivir resistance mutations in viruses isolated from nasopharyngeal swab samples, identified by sequencing of the neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) genes (genotypic resistance) and/or determination of the oseltamivir concentration at which the response is reduced by half (IC50) in an NA inhibition assay (phenotypic resistance). Reported are post-baseline phenotypic and genotypic resistance in adults >/= 18 years and children and adolescents <18 years in the modified Intent-to-Treat infected (mITTi) population.

The percentage of transplant patients in the safety population who experienced tissue rejection and/or GvHD is reported.

TTR of all clinical influenza symptoms was defined as the time from treatment initiation to the start of the 24-hour period in which all 7 influenza symptoms had scores </= 1 (mild) and remained </=1 for at least 21.5 hours. . Reported are TTRs in adults >/= 18 years, adults and adolescents >/= 13 years and children <13 years in the mITTi population.

The overall extent and severity of illness was quantified by the AUE of the total symptom scores over the duration of illness, i.e., from the start of treatment to the time symptoms first alleviated. Total symptom scores were calculated from the sum of seven individual symptom scores with each individual symptom scored from 0 (healthy) to 3 (worst sickness) and a maximum total symptom score of 21. The AUE of these average scores was then calculated for each participant using the trapezoidal rule (the trapezoidal rule calculates the area under any curve by adding up all trapezoids under such a curve). A larger area indicates more severe disease. In this study participants were treated for 10 days. If a participant had scored 21 on every visit then AUE would have been 21 score x 10 days x 24 hours/day =5040 score x hours units, which is the highest possible score. The lowest possible score is 0. Reported are results for adults >/= 18 years in the mITTi population.

Fever was defined as temperature >/= 37.8 degrees Celsius at any time point during the study. TTR of fever was determined in Adults >/= 18 years, Adults and adolescents >/= 13 years and Children < 13 years of the mITTi population.

Nasopharyngeal swab samples were cultured in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells. Culture supernatants were harvested after 2 weeks, or after a full-blown cytopathic effect was observed. Presence of infectious viruses in the cell culture supernatants (viral titer), expressed as log10 50% Tissue Culture Infectious Dose/milliliter (TCID50/mL), was determined by hemagglutination assay using turkey erythrocytes for H1 and B viruses or by detection of the virus nucleoprotein (NP) using ELISA for H3 viruses. A value of < 0.5 log10 TCID50/mL was interpreted as negative. Data are reported for adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Viral shedding was determined through measurement of the viral titer after viral culture in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells by hemagglutination assay (for Flu A/H1N1 and Flu B) and NP-ELISA (for Flu A/H3N2) and expressed in log10 TCID50/mL. Reported is the percentage of participants with viral shedding over time in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Viral shedding was determined through measurement of the viral titer after viral culture in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells by hemagglutination assay (for Flu A/H1N1 and Flu B) and NP-ELISA (for Flu A/H3N2) and expressed in log10 TCID50/mL. Reported is the time to cessation of viral shedding over time in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Nasopharyngeal swab samples were tested for influenza A and B RNA using semi-quantitative RT-PCR specific for influenza A and B matrix gene, respectively, after viral RNA isolation. Cycle threshold (Ct) value was determined for each sample. Conversion of Ct values into viral load, expressed as log10 virus particles/mL (vp/mL), was obtained using external standard curves ran in parallel in all RT-PCR experiments. A value of < 2.6 log10 vp/mL for Flu A strains and < 3.0 log10 vp/mL for Flu B strains was interpreted as a negative result. Data are reported for adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Viral shedding was determined by direct viral load measurement from nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR assay and expressed in log10 vp/mL. Reported is the percentage of subjects with viral shedding over time in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Viral shedding was determined by direct viral load measurement from nasopharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR assay and expressed in log10 vp/mL. Reported is the time to cessation of viral shedding over time in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Persistent shedding was defined as a viral load reduction <1 log10 vp/mL at end of treatment compared with baseline. Reported is the percentage of participants with persistent viral shedding at end of treatment in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Secondary illness included bronchitis, pneumonia, acute sinusitis, sinusitis, lower respiratory infection or otitis media. Reported is the percentage of participants with at least one event in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Secondary illness included bronchitis, pneumonia, acute sinusitis, sinusitis, lower respiratory infection or otitis media. Reported is the percentage of participants with secondary illness, who initiated antibiotic treatment, in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Reported is the percentage of participants, who required hospitalization at any time between treatment initiation and the end of the study period, in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Reported is the duration of hospitalization at any time between treatment initiation and the end of the study period, in adults >/= 18 years and adolescents and children < 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir Cmax data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir Ctrough data for adults >/= 18 years.

AUC0-12 was reported at steady state as nanograms per hour per milliliter. (ng*hr/mL). Reported here are oseltamivir AUC0-12 data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir tmax data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir ke data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir CL/F data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir Vc/F data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Cmax data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Ctrough data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate AUC0-12 data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate tmax data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oxeltamivir carboxylate ke data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate CL/F data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Vc/F data for adults >/= 18 years.

Reported here are oseltamivir Cmax data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir Ctrough data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

AUC0-12 will be reported at steady state as ng*hr/mL. Reported here are oseltamivir AUC0-12 data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Cmax data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Ctrough data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

AUC0-12 will be reported at steady state as ng*hr/mL. Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate AUC0-12 data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate tmax data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir ke data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir CL/F data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir Vc/F data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate ke data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate CL/F data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.

Reported here are oseltamivir carboxylate Vc/F data for adolescents and children < 18 years. Individual data are provided as participants received different drug doses. Drug dose is indicated in the row title for each participant.