A Study of Gemcitabine, Epirubicin, and Paclitaxel Combination Chemotherapy Given Before Surgery to Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer

Primary chemotherapy has had an established role in locally advanced breast cancer. Studies have shown that the combination of chemotherapeutic agents is superior to single therapeutic agent in overall response rate and progression free survival. The inclusion of the most active drugs in combination regimens can improve the percentage of patients achieving a pathological complete response (pCR). The chemotherapy agents gemcitabine, epirubicin, and paclitaxel have been used individually to treat breast cancer. While use of the combination of these three drugs has been studied in the metastatic setting, the combination has not been evaluated in locally advanced disease. In this study the combination of the three agents gemcitabine, epirubicin, and paclitaxel [Taxol] will be administered to patients with locally advanced breast cancer prior to surgery; pathologic response will be determined at the time of surgery. The main objective of this study is to determine the pathological response rate for these patients. Also because prior studies have suggested that only a specific subset of tumors responds to a specific chemotherapeutic agent and that this subset is determined by the gene expression profile of each tumor, preoperative therapy protocols such as this provide an ideal setting to identify gene expression pattern and gene copy number changes that may predict response to a specific therapy using high-throughput assay methods and RNAlater. Therefore, this study will also look at the feasibility of tissue collection and analysis in identifying predictive markers of complete pathological response.

Inclusion criteria

• Females only
• Consent for the collection of biopsy tissue in RNAlater solution
• Biopsy specimens that were obtained by core biopsy or incisional biopsy and placed in RNAlater solution
• Breast cancer that is:

• unilateral
• diagnosed histologically as invasive breast cancer without evidence of metastatic disease (except for stage IV with positive supraclavicular nodes only)
• stage IIB, IIIA (T0-3N2), IIIB (T4N0-3 or T0-3N3), or IV (by involvement of positive supraclavicular nodes only). (Patients with clinical evidence of inflammatory breast cancer or superficial lesions must have a measurable mass in the breast or lymph nodes.)
• measurable by physical exam, mammography, sonogram, CT scan, MRI, or x-ray
• Evidence of adequate organ function (liver, bone marrow, kidney)
• Ability to perform an adequate level of physical activity (Zubrod scale 0, 1, or 2)
• Life expectancy of at least 10 years
• Childbearing potential terminated by surgery, radiation, or menopause, or attenuated by use of an effective non-hormonal, barrier contraceptive method
• Disease-free from prior nonbreast malignancies for at least 5 years before entry
• Adequate cardiac function( measured by baseline LVEF on MUGA or echocardiogram greater than or equal to the institution's lower limit of normal)

Exclusion criteria

• Male
• Hormonal birth control
• The use of hormonal agents or raloxifene
• Active infection
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Bilateral malignancy or a mass in the opposite breast suspicious for malignancy, unless there is biopsy proof that the mass is not malignant
• Previous therapy for breast cancer
• Nonmalignant systemic disease that would keep the patient from being given the treatment or would prevent long-term follow-up
• Active cardiac disease that would preclude the use of epirubicin and/or Taxol
• Significant abnormal peripheral nerve disease (greater than or equal to Grade 2)
• Any prior anthracycline or taxane-containing chemotherapy
• Use of any investigational agent within one month before enrollment
• Excisional biopsy of the breast