A Retrospective Analysis of Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Based on a Prospective Clinical Dataset

The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire is utilized to assess patient outcomes as a quantitative variable. The scale comprises 11 items, each scored from 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating a better quality of life (QoL). Clinical success is defined as a >50% reduction in the total symptom score.

The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q) is utilized to evaluate GERD symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 18, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

The GERD Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS) is employed to evaluate GERD symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 45, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity.

The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) is utilized to assess quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. It comprises five subscales with a total score ranging from 0 to 144. Higher scores indicate a better quality of life and superior therapeutic efficacy.

The Esophageal Hypervigilance and Anxiety Scale (EHAS) is utilized to assess esophageal-specific hypervigilance and anxiety. It comprises two subscales with a total score ranging from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating more severe esophageal hypervigilance and anxiety.

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is employed to evaluate patient anxiety and depression. It comprises two subscales with a total score ranging from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating more severe states of anxiety and depression.

Evaluated via gastroscopy according to the Los Angeles (LA) classification.

Evaluated via gastroscopy according to the Hill classification.

Evaluated via gastroscopy.

Quantified via pH-impedance monitoring. AET serves as the primary and most reliable metric for diagnosing objective GERD and evaluating the true burden of acid reflux, >4% indicate abnormal acid reflux

Quantified via pH-impedance monitoring.

The DeMeester Composite Score quantifies the severity of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). It is calculated from 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using six acid exposure parameters: percentage of total, upright, and supine time with pH < 4; total reflux episodes; episodes lasting > 5 minutes; and the duration of the longest episode. Each parameter is scored using the formula SV = (X - A) / SD + 1, where X is the measured value, A is the healthy baseline mean, and SD is the baseline standard deviation. The total score is the sum of these six values. Minimum value: 0. Maximum value: No fixed upper limit (unbounded). In clinical applications, higher scores indicate more severe pathological acid exposure.

Derived from pH-impedance monitoring to determine the temporal correlation between symptom events and reflux episodes, confirming whether a patient's symptoms are specifically reflux-driven. An SI of ≥ 50% is universally considered positive, indicating a clinically meaningful symptom-reflux association.

Derived from pH-impedance monitoring to provide statistical validation of the symptom-reflux association, which is crucial for accurately phenotyping functional versus organic GERD. An SRI of ≥ 95% (often utilized interchangeably with Symptom Association Probability, SAP) is considered positive, providing strong statistical evidence that symptoms are not occurring by chance.

Measured via high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Measured via high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Evaluated via high-resolution manometry (HRM) to assess hiatal hernia status.

Measured via high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Measured via high-resolution manometry (HRM).

Evaluated via high-resolution manometry (HRM) according to the Chicago classification.

Evaluated via computed tomography (CT).

Helicobacter pylori infection status determined by ¹³C/¹⁴C urea breath test.

This encompasses the specific medication name, prescribed dosage, and administration frequency.