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Completed

NCT Number: NCT03607877

A RCT of Walking With Positive Education in Retired Elders

Three arms of experimental design were used: Pedometer walking training (PWT), positive education and pedometer walking training (PEPWT), and pedometer walking (PW). Trained walking exercise was provided by a physical education expert three times per week, 45 minutes per session. Positive education was designed and led by a licensed psychologist. Six sessions of activities targeted participants' self-strength, competence and self-efficacy in walking exercise; positive relations with others; and positive emotions about life and healthy lifestyle. Of 150 participants, 60, 60 and 30 were randomly assigned to PWT, PEPWT, and PW, respectively. Demographic information, Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI), regular walking exercise and six-minute walking distance were assessed before and after the intervention.

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Key information

Conditions

Happiness Behavior Educational Problems Exercise Motor Activity

Age range

55 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

About this study

Randomization (allocation ratio 2:2:1) was stratified to three arms: pedometer walking (PW), pedometer walking with training (PWT), and positive education and pedometer walking with training (PEPWT). Randomization was conducted using opaque envelops and a randomly generated number sequence by an independent research assistant who had no prior knowledge of the recruited elders. Researchers allocated participants to their treatment condition based on the randomization code in the sealed envelope (opened in order of sequence). Researchers were not blind to the patients' treatment allocation.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Inclusion criteria included being retired from work and being at least 55 years old.

Exclusion criteria

  • Elders who had cardiovascular disease, who were unable to walk, who had dementia or psychiatric disease, who already exercised regularly, or who were unwilling to sign the consent form were excluded from the study.

Treatment and study plan

Pedometer walking training and positive education

Behavioral

Intervention: (1)Positive education: Six psychosocial sessions were designed to enhance elders' positive emotion, motivation and self-efficacy to walk.

(2) Pedometer walking training: walk at least 30 minutes per day and at least three times per week with family support and exercise companions.

Other names: walking exercise

Pedometer walking with training

Behavioral

Intervention:walk at least 30 minutes per day and at least three times per week with family support and exercise companions.

Other names: walking exercise

pedometer walking

Behavioral

Intervention: pedometer walking at least 30 minutes per day and at least three times per week

Other names: walking

Primary outcomes

  1. Chinese Happiness Inventory

    Time frame: 3 months

    Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI). The CHI 20-item version has been widely used to measure individual well-being in Chinese culture (Lu & Shih, 1997; Chiang, Lin, & Lee, 2016). Each statement represents a different level of happiness, ranging from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 3 (very satisfied). CHI score is the sum of 20 items. The higher the score is, the higher the psychological well-being is. CHI has high validity and reliability (Lu & Shih, 1997; Chiang, Lin, & Lee, 2016).

  2. Cardiovascular fitness

    Time frame: 3 months

    Cardiovascular fitness was calculated by using the six-minute walk test (6MWT) which measures the distance an individual is able to walk over a total of six minutes on a hard, flat surface and has been suggested as a useful outcome tool (Du, Newton, Salamonson, Carrieri-Kohlman, & Davidson, 2009). The goal is for the individual to walk as far as possible in six minutes. The individual is allowed to self-pace and rest as needed as they traverse back and forth along a marked walkway. The 6MWT has been used to detect changes following interventions to improve exercise tolerance for healthy older adults (Troosters, Gosselink, & Decramer, 1999).

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan

Other

Collaborators

  • Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Registry information

Official study title

Gender Differences and Influence of Walking Exercise and a Psychosocial Intervention on Psychological Well-being and Sense of Coherence Amongst Retried Senior Citizens

Acronym: RCT

Important dates

Study start
2010
Primary completion
2012
Study completion
2012
First posted
Jul 31, 2018
Registry last updated
Jul 31, 2018

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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