A Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Center Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Naltrexone Implant in Antagonizing Opioid Agonist Hydromorphone

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female subjects aged 18 to 65 years;
• Those who had abused opioids for more than 1 year, and had used drugs at least once aweek in the abuse history;
• Opioid-dependent subjects in the convalescent stage who had discontinued using opioids for more than 30 days and had a negative urine test for opioids;
• Weight: male ≥ 45 kg, female ≥ 40 kg;
• Physical condition: the subjects were screened within 2 weeks before the study, and had no medical history of heart, liver, kidney, digestive tract, nervous system, mental abnormality or metabolic abnormality; comprehensive physical examinations showed that the subjects had normal or abnormal but not clinically significant electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory status and laboratory tests including chest X-ray (results within half a year were valid), blood routine, urine routine, hepatic function, renal function, blood glucose, blood lipid, coagulation function and other biochemical tests at the discretion of the clinician;
• Subjects without eye disease or optic neuropathy;
• The subjects and their witnesses must give informed consent to this study before the study, and the subjects voluntarily signed a written informed consent;
• The subjects could communicate well with the investigator and complete the study in accordance with the study regulations.

Exclusion criteria

• (1) Patients with clinically significant major diseases or major surgical operations within 4 weeks before the study; (2) Those with a history of heart, kidney, digestive tract and other important organs and hematopoietic system diseases; (3) Patients with bleeding tendency and leukopenia; (4) Patients with chronic pain or epilepsy; (5) Patients with serious mental and neurological diseases; (6) Patients with suicidal tendency; (7) Those who had a history of allergy to Hydromorphone or those who were allergic to Naltrexone and its excipients; (8) Those with blood loss or blood donation up to 200 ml within 3 months before the study; (9) Those who had participated in clinical studies of other drugs within 3 months before the study, or were participating in clinical studies of other drugs; (10) Those who had used drugs known to damage a certain organ or were currently using such drugs within 3 months before the study; (11) Those who had used prescription analgesics or psychiatric drugs within 30 days before the study; (12) Those who had used any drug that would inhibit or induce hepatic metabolism of drugs within one week before the study (e.g.: inducers - barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, glucocorticoids, omeprazole; inhibitors - SSRI antidepressants, cimetidine, diltiazem macrolides, nitroimidazoles, sedative-hypnotics, verapamil, fluoroquinolones, antihistamines); (13) Any other surgical or medical condition that could potentially jeopardize the subject's participation in the study and alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug, including the following:

• Inflammatory bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer, or gastrointestinal bleeding;
• History of serious gastrointestinal surgery, such as gastrectomy, gastrostomy, or colectomy;
• History of liver disease and hepatic function laboratory tests such as: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transferase(γ-GT), or total bilirubin (T-Bili) greater than 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and judged by the clinician as abnormal and clinically significant；4) Clinically significant abnormalities in medical history or laboratory tests for creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, or urine components (e.g., proteinuria), suggesting renal impairment; (14) Those with a history of immunodeficiency, including a positive HIV test; (15) Those who were not suitable to participate in the study at the discretion of the investigator. In addition to the above requirements, female subjects who met the following conditions should also be excluded: (16) Those who took oral contraceptives 30 days before the study; (17) Those who had used within 6 months before the study and might use during the study long-acting estrogen or progestin injections or implants; (18) Women of childbearing age who had experienced unprotected sexual intercourse with their partners within 14 days before the study; (19) Women in pregnancy or lactating;