A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of Placebo and Atomoxetine Hydrochloride Given Once a Day in Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

30-item scale containing 3 subscales: inattention (9 items), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (9 items), and ADHD Index (12 items). Each item is scored 0-3 (0=not at all/never; 1=just a little/once in a while; 2=pretty much/often; 3=very much/very frequently). Total ADHD symptoms score=sum of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales. Total Scores range from 0-54 (range of 0-27 for the inattention and hyperactivity subscales; 0-36 for the ADHD Index) with higher scores indicating more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician/PhD at the investigative site.

30-item scale containing 3 subscales: inattention (9 items), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (9 items), and ADHD Index (12 items). Each item is scored 0-3 (0=not at all/never; 1=just a little/once in a while; 2=pretty much/often; 3=very much/very frequently). Total ADHD symptoms score=sum of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales. Total Scores range from 0-54 (range of 0-27 for the inattention and hyperactivity subscales; 0-36 for the ADHD Index) with higher scores indicating more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician/PhD at the investigative site.

FAM consists of 3 components: General Scale; Dyadic Relationships Scale (DRS), and Self-Rating Scale. Participants completed the DRS scale, a 42-item self-report scale providing quantitative indices of family strengths/weaknesses. Items are rated 0-3 (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). Raw scores=0-18 (each subscale) and are converted to a t-score (mean=50, standard deviation (SD)=10; scores range from 0-100). T-scores should be between 40-60. T-scores >=60 indicate disturbance in family functioning.

FAM consists of 3 components: General Scale; Dyadic Relationships Scale (DRS), and Self-Rating Scale. Participants completed the DRS scale, a 42-item self-report scale providing quantitative indices of family strengths/weaknesses. Items are rated 0-3 (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). Raw scores=0-18 (each subscale) and are converted to a t-score (mean=50, standard deviation (SD)=10; scores range from 0-100). T-scores should be between 40-60. T-scores >=60 indicate disturbance in family functioning.

FAM consists of 3 components: General Scale; Dyadic Relationships Scale (DRS), and Self-Rating Scale. The spouse/significant other completed the DRS scale, a 42-item self-report scale providing quantitative indices of family strengths/weaknesses. Items are rated 0-3 (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). Raw scores=0-18 (each subscale) and are converted to a t-score (mean=50, standard deviation (SD)=10; scores range from 0-100). T-scores should be between 40-60. T-scores >=60 indicate disturbance in family functioning.

FAM consists of 3 components: General Scale; Dyadic Relationships Scale (DRS), and Self-Rating Scale. The spouse/significant other completed the DRS scale, a 42-item self-report scale providing quantitative indices of family strengths/weaknesses. Items are rated 0-3 (strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree). Raw scores=0-18 (each subscale) and are converted to a t-score (mean=50, standard deviation (SD)=10; scores range from 0-100). T-scores should be between 40-60. T-scores >=60 indicate disturbance in family functioning.

32-item self-report scale to assess quality of the relationship perceived by participants. Response anchors vary and include a 5-, 6- or 7-point Likert scale (always agree/disagree; all the time/never); and 2 yes/no items. Assesses 4 relationship aspects (# items): dyadic satisfaction (10), cohesion (5), consensus (13), affectional expression (4). Raw score total=0-151 and is converted to a t-score (0-100; mean=50, standard deviation (SD)=10). T-scores of 45-55 indicate a typical score (no concern). Scores <30 indicate significant impairment. Lower scores indicate poorer dyadic adjustment.

32-item self-report scale to assess quality of the relationship perceived by participants. Response anchors vary and include a 5-, 6- or 7-point Likert scale (always agree/disagree; all the time/never); and 2 yes/no items. Assesses 4 relationship aspects (# items): dyadic satisfaction (10), cohesion (5), and consensus (13), and affectional expression (4). Raw score total=0-151 and is converted to a t-score (0-100; mean=50, SD=10). T-scores of 45-55 indicate a typical score (no concern). Scores <30 indicate significant impairment. Lower scores indicate poorer dyadic adjustment.

32-item self-report scale to assess quality of the relationship perceived by the spouse/significant other. Response anchors vary and include a 5-, 6- or 7-point Likert scale (always agree/disagree; all the time/never); and 2 yes/no items. Assesses 4 relationship aspects (# items): dyadic satisfaction (10), cohesion (5), and consensus (13), and affectional expression (4). Raw score total=0-151 and is converted to a t-score (0-100; mean=50, SD=10). T-scores of 45-55 indicate a typical score (no concern). Scores <30 indicate significant impairment. Lower scores indicate poorer dyadic adjustment.

32-item self-report scale to assess quality of the relationship perceived by the spouse/significant other. Response anchors vary and include a 5-, 6- or 7-point Likert scale (always agree/disagree; all the time/never); and 2 yes/no items. Assesses 4 relationship aspects (# items): dyadic satisfaction (10), cohesion (5), and consensus (13), and affectional expression (4). Raw score total=0-151 and is converted to a t-score (0-100; mean=50, SD=10). T-scores of 45-55 indicate a typical score (no concern). Scores <30 indicate significant impairment. Lower scores indicate poorer dyadic adjustment.

The PSI 19-item Stress Life Events scale has yes/no responses and measures situational circumstances beyond control (death of family member, divorce, etc.) in the past 12 months. Maximum score (all answers=yes) is 79; a Life Stress raw score >=17 indicates high stress. Each question is weighted based upon the event. Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. High scores (>=85th percentile) indicate higher stress. Total Stress >=258 is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

120-item scale includes 101 items rated on 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree) or 4-5 point multiple choices. Adult Domain characteristics' subscales and score ranges include: Competence (13-65), Isolation (6-30), Attachment (7-35), Health (5-25), Role Restriction (7-35), Depression (9-45), Spouse (7-35). Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. Parent Domain score >=148 (>=85th percentile) is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

120-item scale includes 101 items rated on 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree) or 4-5 point multiple choices. Child Domain characteristics' subscales and score ranges include: Distractibility/Hyperactivity (9-45), Adaptability (11-55), Reinforces Parent (6-30), Demandingness (9-45), Mood (5-25), Acceptability (7-35). Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. A Child Domain score >=116 (>=85th percentile) is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

The PSI 19-item Stress Life Events scale has yes/no responses and measures situational circumstances beyond control (death of family member, divorce, etc.) in the past 12 months. Maximum score (all answers=yes) is 79; a Life Stress raw score >=17 indicates high stress. Each question is weighted based upon the event. Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. High scores (>=85th percentile) indicate higher stress. Total Stress >=258 is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

120-item scale includes 101 items rated on 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree) or 4-5 point multiple choices. Adult Domain characteristics' subscales and score ranges include: Competence (13-65), Isolation (6-30), Attachment (7-35), Health (5-25), Role Restriction (7-35), Depression (9-45), Spouse (7-35). Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. Parent Domain score >=148 (>=85th percentile) is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

120-item scale includes 101 items rated on 5-point Likert scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree) or 4-5 point multiple choices. Child Domain characteristics' subscales and score ranges include: Distractibility/Hyperactivity (9-45), Adaptability (11-55), Reinforces Parent (6-30), Demandingness (9-45), Mood (5-25), Acceptability (7-35). Total Score measures relative magnitude of stress in parent-child system. A Child Domain score >=116 (>=85th percentile) is indicative of impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

42-item scale, 3 subscales (z-scores [-2 to 2]): Dysfunctional/Negative/Positive Parenting. Each construct rated 1=never/5=always (# items): involvement (10), supervision (10), positive parenting (6), inconsistent discipline (6), other discipline (7), harsh discipline (3). Higher scores indicate impairment: dysfunctional/negative parenting composite; supervision, inconsistent discipline, harsh punishment, other discipline. Lower scores indicate impairment: positive parenting composite; positive parenting, involvement. Completed by participants with a child 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home.

42-item scale, 3 subscales (z-scores [-2 to 2]): Dysfunctional/Negative/Positive Parenting. Each construct rated 1=never/5=always (# items): involvement (10), supervision (10), positive parenting (6), inconsistent discipline (6), other discipline (7), harsh discipline (3). Higher scores indicate impairment: dysfunctional/negative parenting composite; supervision, inconsistent discipline, harsh punishment, other discipline. Lower scores indicate impairment: positive parenting composite; positive parenting, involvement. Completed by participants with a child 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home.

42-item scale, 3 subscales (z-scores [-2 to 2]): Dysfunctional/Negative/Positive Parenting. Each construct rated 1=never/5=always (# items): involvement (10), supervision (10), positive parenting (6), inconsistent discipline (6), other discipline (7), harsh discipline (3). Higher scores indicate impairment: dysfunctional/negative parenting composite; supervision, inconsistent discipline, harsh punishment, other discipline. Lower scores indicate impairment: positive parenting composite; positive parenting, involvement. Completed by child 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home.

42-item scale, 3 subscales (z-scores [-2 to 2]): Dysfunctional/Negative/Positive Parenting. Each construct rated 1=never/5=always (# items): involvement (10), supervision (10), positive parenting (6), inconsistent discipline (6), other discipline (7), harsh discipline (3). Higher scores indicate impairment: dysfunctional/negative parenting composite; supervision, inconsistent discipline, harsh punishment, other discipline. Lower scores indicate impairment: positive parenting composite; positive parenting, involvement. Completed by child 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home.

Contains the symptoms of ADHD (9 items for Inattention/9 items for Hyperactive-Impulsive). Total maximum severity score is 54 (0-27 for each subscale). Higher scores indicate greater impairment. Participants with a child 6-12 years old living in the home completed the scale.

Items 19-26 of the CDBRS assess the presence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) (yes if participant answers >=4 items as 2 [often] or 3 [very often]). Items 1-26 are rated on a 0-3 scale (0=never/rarely, 1=sometimes, 2=often, 3=very often). 15 yes/no items assess the presence of Conduct Disorder (yes if >3 items answered yes). Participants with a child 6-12 years old living in the home completed the scale.

16-item scale to assess parenting self-esteem: the Satisfaction Subscale has 9 questions (2,3,4,5,8,9,12,14,16)=54; the Efficacy Subscale has 7 questions (1,6,7,10,11,13,15)=43. Each response on the satisfaction subscale is answered on a 6-point scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and greater self-efficacy. Lower scores mean more impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

16-item scale to assess parenting self-esteem: the Satisfaction Subscale has 9 questions (2,3,4,5,8,9,12,14,16)=54; the Efficacy Subscale has 7 questions (1,6,7,10,11,13,15)=43. Each response on the satisfaction subscale is answered on a 6-point scale (strongly agree/strongly disagree). Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and greater self-efficacy. Lower scores mean more impairment. Participants with a child aged 6-12 or 13-17 years living at home completed the scale.

18-item scale that captures the 18-item DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD. 9 inattentive items alternate with 9 hyperactive/impulsive items. Each item is scored 0 (none), 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), or 3 (severe). The total score range is 0-54 (0-27 for each subscale). Higher scores indicate more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician or PhD at the investigative site.

The CGI-ADHD-S is a single-item rating of the clinician's assessment of the severity of ADHD symptoms in relation to the clinician's total experience with ADHD subjects. Severity is rated on a 7-point scale (1=normal, not at all ill; 7=among the most extremely ill subjects). The scale was administered by a physician or PhD at the investigative site.

The MADRS is an investigator administered rating scale for severity of depressive mood symptoms. The MADRS has a 10-item checklist. Items are rated on a scale of 0-6, for a total score range of 0 (low severity of depressive symptoms) to 60 (high severity of depressive symptoms).

Self-report scale completed by the participant. Separate scales measure state (20 items) and trait (20 items) anxiety. The participant reports how they feel "right now at this moment" for state anxiety and how they "generally" feel for trait anxiety. The "state" items are scored as: 1 (not at all), 2 (somewhat true), 3 (moderately true), 4 (very true). The "trait" items are scored as: 1 (almost never), 2 (sometimes), 3 (often), 4 (almost always). Scores range from 4-80 for each scale. Higher scores indicate more impaired participants.

30-item scale containing 3 subscales: inattention (9 items), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (9 items), and ADHD Index (12 items). Each item is scored 0-3 (0=not at all/never; 1=just a little/once in a while; 2=pretty much/often; 3=very much/very frequently). Total ADHD symptoms score=sum of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales. Total Scores range from 0-54 (range of 0-27 for the inattention and hyperactivity subscales; 0-36 for the ADHD Index) with higher scores indicating more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician/PhD at the investigative site.

30-item scale containing 3 subscales: inattention (9 items), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (9 items), and ADHD Index (12 items). Each item is scored 0-3 (0=not at all/never; 1=just a little/once in a while; 2=pretty much/often; 3=very much/very frequently). Total ADHD symptoms score=sum of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales. Total Scores range from 0-54 (range of 0-27 for the inattention and hyperactivity subscales; 0-36 for the ADHD Index) with higher scores indicating more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician/PhD at the investigative site.

30-item scale containing 3 subscales: inattention (9 items), hyperactivity/ impulsivity (9 items), and ADHD Index (12 items). Each item is scored 0-3 (0=not at all/never; 1=just a little/once in a while; 2=pretty much/often; 3=very much/very frequently). Total ADHD symptoms score=sum of the inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscales. Total Scores range from 0-54 (range of 0-27 for the inattention and hyperactivity subscales; 0-36 for the ADHD Index) with higher scores indicating more impaired participants. The scale was administered by a physician/PhD at the investigative site.