A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing the Impact of Virtual Reality, Paper and Pencil and Conventional Methods on Stroke Rehabilitation

Cognitive impairments after stroke are not always given sufficient attention despite its limitations in activities-of-daily- living (ADL's). Current cognitive rehabilitation methods mostly rely on paper-and-pencil tasks targeting isolated domains, which is not consistent with everyday-life. Besides limited ecological-validity, paper-and-pencil tasks are not accessible for most stroke patients whose dominant arm is paretic. Virtual Reality (VR) has shown to be a solution for the development of accessible and ecologically valid systems, but, does it have more impact than a paper and pencil personalised intervention?

Through a participatory design approach, with health professionals, the investigators have developed:

• a motor-accessible and cognitive-personalized VR-based system, where conventional cognitive tasks were operationalized in meaningful simulations of ADL's (Reh@City) and;
• a web tool which generates personalised paper and pencil tasks( Task Generator).

The investigators objective is to have a sample of 60 stroke patients between 40 and 70 years old, randomly allocated in three groups: the experimental group 1 were participants will perform 30 minutes of the VR training with Reh@City; the experimental group 2 were participants will perform 30 minutes of the paper and pencil training with the Task Generator, and the control group were participants will perform 30 minutes of conventional therapy (occupational therapy).

Inclusion criteria

• ischemic stroke with more than 6 months post-stroke
• cognitive deficit but with enough capacity to understand the task and follow instructions with a minimum score of 11 over 17 in the Token Test (6-item version, Portuguese population)
• able to read and write

Exclusion criteria

• Neglect
• Severe depressive symptoms as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory