A Prospective Non-interventional Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Adalimumab in Korean Patients With Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Identify Potential Predictors of Clinical Response in Routine Clinical Practice

Durable clinical response was defined as reduction in complete Full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at both Week 8 and 56. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and physician's global assessment [PGA]), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at Week 24. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at Week 56. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical remission was defined as the full Mayo score ≤2 points, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical remission was defined as the full Mayo score ≤2 points, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1 point at Week 56. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical remission was defined as the full Mayo score ≤2 points, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1 point at Week 8. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical remission was defined as the full Mayo score ≤2 points, with no individual sub-score exceeding 1 point at Week 56. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid free remission was defined as participants who were in remission without the use of systemic steroids from Visit 1 (Baseline) prior to assessment.

Steroid free remission was defined as participants who were in remission without the use of systemic steroids within the past 12 weeks prior to assessment.

Steroid-free remission was defined as participants who were in remission without the use of systemic steroids within the past 12 weeks prior to assessment. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid free remission was defined as participants who were in remission without the use of systemic steroids within the past 12 weeks prior to assessment. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid-free response was defined as participants who were in clinical response without the use of systemic steroids within the past 8 weeks prior to assessment. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid-free response was defined as participants who were in clinical response without the use of systemic steroids within the past 8 weeks prior to assessment. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid free response was defined as participants who were in clinical response without the use of systemic steroids within the past 8 weeks prior to assessment (in Week 8 clinical responders).Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Steroid free response was defined as participants who were in clinical response without the use of systemic steroids within the past 12 weeks prior to assessment (in Week 8 clinical responders). A participant was a Week 8 responder if they had a clinical response at Week 8. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Mucosal healing was defined as an endoscopy sub-score of 0 or 1 at week 8. Endoscopic findings were scored on a scale from 0 to 3 as follows:

0 = Normal or inactive disease; 1 = Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability); 2 = Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions); 3 = Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). The higher the score, the more severe the disease.

Mucosal healing was defined as an endoscopy sub-score of 0 or 1 at Week 56. Endoscopic findings were scored on a scale from 0 to 3 as follows:

0 = Normal or inactive disease; 1 = Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability); 2 = Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions); 3 = Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). The higher the score, the more severe the disease.

Mucosal healing was defined as an endoscopy sub-score of 0 or 1 at Week 8. Endoscopic findings were scored on a scale from 0 to 3 (higher score, worse disease): 0=Normal or inactive disease; 1=Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability); 2=Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions); 3=Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. Mayo score measures disease activity for ulcerative colitis from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease), calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each ranging from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). Negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Mucosal healing was defined as an endoscopy sub-score of 0 or 1 at Week 56. Endoscopic findings were scored on a scale from 0 to 3 (higher score, worse disease): 0=Normal or inactive disease; 1=Mild disease (erythema, decreased vascular pattern, mild friability); 2=Moderate disease (marked erythema, lack of vascular pattern, friability, erosions); 3=Severe disease (spontaneous bleeding, ulceration). Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. Mayo score measures disease activity for ulcerative colitis from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease), calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each ranging from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). Negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

The partial Mayo score is based on the Mayo score, which is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis.

The partial Mayo score (Mayo score without endoscopy) ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 9 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in partial Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and physician's global assessment [PGA]), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥ 3 points and ≥ 30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥ 1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤ 1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and physician's global assessment [PGA]), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and PGA), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Fecal calprotectin is an indicator of inflammation in the colon with higher levels indicative of higher levels of inflammation. Clinical response was defined as reduction in complete full Mayo score of ≥3 points and ≥30% from Baseline (Week 0) with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point at Week 8. The Mayo score is a tool designed to measure disease activity for ulcerative colitis. The Mayo score ranges from 0 (normal or inactive disease) to 12 (severe disease) and is calculated as the sum of 3 subscores (stool frequency, rectal bleeding, endoscopy, and physician's global assessment [PGA]), each of which ranges from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe disease). A negative change in Mayo score indicates improvement.

Composition of fecal microbiota (16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing) was measured at Week 0, Week 8, and Week 56. Fecal bacterial composition was determined using 16S sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the Ezbiocloud database and 16S microbiome pipeline to assess composition and diversity.