A Predictive Model for Midwives' C F: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Professional Quality of Life Scale was developed by Stamm et al. in 2005 to measure compassion fatigue among research subjects. In 2013, Chinese scholar Chen Huaying translated, adapted, and revised the original scale to create the Chinese version of the Compassion Fatigue Scale, incorporating Chinese cultural contexts and national conditions . The scale comprises 30 items across three dimensions: Empathic Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress, with 10 items per dimension. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). This scale demonstrates good reliability and validity among Chinese clinical nurses, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.91. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the three dimensions are 0.87, 0.73, and 0.84, respectively. It is suitable for assessing compassion fatigue levels among midwives.

The Midwife Trauma Stress Scale was developed by Kubota et al. in 2022 to measure the frequency and impact of traumatic stress events experienced by midwives. Due to differences in healthcare environments and cultures, Chinese researchers Pu adapted it cross-culturally by removing Item 12 and modifying certain phrasing to enhance readability for study participants . This unidimensional scale comprises 15 items organized into two subscales: occurrence frequency and impact severity. Each item uses a 4-point Likert scale. Scores of 0-3 for occurrence frequency and impact severity correspond to 'never occurred' to 'frequently occurred' and 'no impact' to 'significant impact,' respectively. The scale does not calculate a total score. Both subscales range from 0 to 45 points, with higher scores indicating greater frequency of traumatic stress events experienced by midwives and more severe physical and psychological impact.

The Social Support Scale was developed by Xiao Shuiyuan in 1986 to measure the degree of social support received by individuals. The scale comprises 10 items across three dimensions: objective support, subjective support, and utilization of support. Item 5 is subdivided into four sections (A, B, C, D) for total scoring, with each section rated from 1 (none) to 4 (full support); Items 6 and 7 assign 0 points for 'no sources' and corresponding points for 'specific sources' based on the number selected, ranging from 0 to 9 points. Other items assign 1, 2, 3, or 4 points for selecting 1, 2, 3, or 4 options, respectively. A total scale score <33 indicates low social support, 33-45 indicates moderate social support, and >45 indicates high social support. Higher total scores reflect greater social support.

The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was revised by Campbell-Sills et al. based on the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) developed by Connor et al. in 2003. Chinese researchers Wang Li et al. adapted it through cross-cultural adjustments and reliability/validity testing to create the Simplified Psychological Resilience Scale. This 10-item scale employs a 5-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from 0 (almost never) to 4 (always). Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater psychological resilience. The scale demonstrated a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.91 and a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.90. It has shown good reliability and validity across multiple studies and is suitable for assessing midwives' psychological resilience levels.

The Simplified Coping Strategies Questionnaire, developed by Xie Yaning in 1998 based on a synthesis of relevant coping theory, assesses the attitudes and approaches research subjects may adopt when facing setbacks or difficulties. This 20-item scale comprises two dimensions: positive coping (12 items) and negative coping (8 items). It employs a 4-point Likert scale: 0, 1, 2, and 3 represent 'never,' 'rarely,' 'sometimes,' and 'often,' respectively. A coping tendency score greater than 0 indicates the respondent primarily uses positive coping strategies under stress, while a score less than 0 suggests a tendency toward negative coping strategies.