A Pilot Study of Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7, Soloways ™) in Patients With Osteopenia/Osteoporosis Carrying a VDR Gene Variant

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been associated with varying responses to vitamin D and calcium supplementation, ultimately influencing bone health. Menaquinone-7 (vitamin K2) is crucial for carboxylation of osteocalcin, facilitating calcium deposition in bone. This study investigates whether individuals with an "unfavorable" VDR gene variant - who might have lower basal responsiveness to vitamin D - experience enhanced benefit from MK-7 supplementation in conjunction with a standard vitamin D3 regimen. By focusing on this genotype-stratified approach, the study aims to generate preliminary data supporting the role of personalized supplementation strategies in skeletal health.

Inclusion criteria

• Adults aged 40-75 years with a confirmed DXA-based diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -1.0).
• Stable dietary habits and willingness to maintain current exercise regimen throughout the study.
• Willingness to undergo genotyping for the VDR variant. For the VDR Variant Cohort: confirmed homozygous "unfavorable" variant (e.g., BsmI or ApaI).
• For the Non-Variant Cohort: confirmed absence of the "unfavorable" allele (wild-type).

Exclusion criteria

• Current or recent (last 3 months) use of high-dose bisphosphonates, anabolic agents (e.g., teriparatide), or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Known allergy or hypersensitivity to vitamin K or vitamin D supplements.
• Severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, or other significant comorbidities that could confound bone metabolism assessments.
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent or to comply with study procedures.