A Pilot Study of Dose dE-eScalaTion IN prostATe radIOtherapy usiNg the MRL

Primary endpoint: Technical feasibility of treating prostate cancer with toxicity- minimising radiotherapy on an MR-linac

Secondary endpoint:

• Physician reported GU and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity (CTCAE grade) at baseline and the end of treatment then at 4 weeks and 3 months post-treatment.
• Late toxicity (CTCAE v5.0) at 1 and 2 years post-treatment
• Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from the EPIC-26, IPSS, and IIEF-5 questionnaires. Patients will be asked to complete PROMs at 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years post treatment.
• PSA control and kinetics at 2 years post-treatment

Quality of life: EPIC-26 QoL will be measured at baseline, then at 4 weeks and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months from end of treatment. IIEF-5 will be completed at baseline and months 6, 12 and 24. IPSS will be measured at all time points.

Follow-up: Patients will be assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months and then as per standard of care.

Inclusion criteria

• Men aged ≥18 years
• Histological confirmation of prostate adenocarcinoma requiring radical radiotherapy
• Gleason score 3+3, 3+4 or 4+3 (Grade groups 1, 2 or 3)
• MRI stage T2 or less (as staged by AJCC TNM 2018)
• MRI-visible tumour(s) of PIRADS v2 grade 3 or higher on T2 and diffusion-weighted imaging and/or dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging with concordant pathology
• Dominant lesion <50% of prostate on any axial slice and <50% total prostate volume
• PSA <20 ng/ml prior to starting ADT
• Patients can be concurrently treated with androgen deprivation therapy if this would be standard of care. LHRH analogues or Bicalutamide are permitted. ADT is not mandatory where this would usually be omitted.
• WHO Performance status 0-2
• Ability of the participant understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent form.
• Ability/willingness to comply with the patient reported outcome questionnaires schedule throughout the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Contraindications to MRI (e.g. pacemaker, potentially mobile metal implant, claustrophobia)
• IPSS 19 or higher
• High grade disease (GG3) occult to MRI-defined lesion
• Post-void residual >100 mls, where known
• Prostate volume >90cc
• Comorbidities which predispose to significant toxicity (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease) or preclude long term follow up
• Unilateral or bilateral total hip replacement, or other pelvic metalwork which causes artefact on diffusion-weighted imaging
• Previous pelvic radiotherapy
• Patients needing >6 months of ADT due to disease parameters.
• Previous invasive malignancy within the last 2 years excluding basal or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, low risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (assuming cystoscopic follow up now negative) or small renal masses on surveillance