A Pilot Study of an Online HIV Stigma Training for Nursing Students in Iran

Iran has the highest burden of HIV in the Middle East. However, only 42% of Iranians living with HIV are diagnosed and 28% on antiretroviral therapy. The largest gap in the continuum of HIV care is diagnosis. Due to sociocultural and religious beliefs, HIV- associated stigma and drug use stigma are exceedingly high, and sex outside of marriage, or sex of man with another man are considered to be "sinful" behaviors. These intersectional stigmas (stigma towards drug use, sexism, and homophobia) in addition to HIV stigma are major barriers for many people at risk for or living with HIV to engage in HIV testing or treatment. Our prior studies found that health providers have limited clinical encounters with people living with HIV (PLWH) and have no HIV stigma training. This lack of training can lead to stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors towards people at risk for HIV or PLWH. The highest HIV stigmatizing behaviors was reported in nurses and physician assistants. These data, coupled with the extreme marginalization of key populations at high risk for HIV in Iran, call for the development of new ways to train nurses to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings. The investigators propose to develop, and field test an HIV stigma online training including simulated patients living with HIV for nursing school students. In a randomized controlled trial, the investigators will assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the online HIV stigma training in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV compared to an online HIV epidemiology training with no specific content on stigma. Successful development of the HIV stigma training and simulated patients at risk for or living with HIV will set the stage for developing a larger trial of nurses and other health providers which can lead to an effective and scalable training program to reduce HIV-related stigma in clinical settings and improve engagement in HIV testing and care services. The investigators from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), will lead and co-investigate the project, respectively. They will collaborate with teams from Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU), Iran, and Ponce Health Sciences University (PHSU) in the USA.

Inclusion criteria

• Currently nursing students in their year 3 or 4 of training
• Kerman Medical University (KMU) nursing schools

Exclusion criteria

• Nursing student in their year 1 and 2
• Students of other fields and other universities