A Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Recombinant HIV-1 Envelope Antigen in Children Born to HIV-Infected Mothers

Only 30-50 percent of HIV-infected infants have detectable virus at birth. Successful early sensitization to HIV envelope epitopes may help prevent infection or, alternatively, may enhance HIV-specific immune function to alter HIV replication and disease progression.

Newborns are randomized to one of three different doses of either rgp120/HIV-1MN or rgp120/HIV-1SF2 or their matching placebos. At each dose level, 12 patients receive vaccine and three patients receive placebo. Immunizations are performed at 0, 4, 12, and 20 weeks, and patients are followed until 2 years of age. Three of four patients treated at a given dose level must have received two immunizations without evidence of grade 3 or 4 clinical or laboratory toxicity before dose escalation occurs. Twelve additional patients are treated with the optimal dose of each vaccine at weeks 0, 2, 8, and 20 (An accelerated schedule PER AMENDMENT 3/20/96. Changed from - 0, 4, 8, and 20) accompanied by three additional placebo patients per vaccine. PER AMENDMENT 3/20/96: The optimal dose of rgp120/HIV-1MN is 100 mcg and will be given to the 12 patients and the placebo will be given to 3. The optimal dose of rgp120/HIV-1SF2 is 5 mcg and will be given to the 12 patients and the placebo will be given to 3.

PER 2/3/95 AMENDMENT: After the initial patients are enrolled, 18 additional newborns will be randomized to one of the three dose levels of rgp120/HIV-1MN (with no placebos). PER AMENDMENT 6/5/95: Another group of 18 newborns will be randomized to one of three treatments representing 3 different doses of the Chiron/Biocine vaccine (with no placebos).

Inclusion criteria

Concurrent Medication:

Allowed:

• Antiretroviral therapy.
• Coenrollment in a therapeutic protocol if begun at least 30 days following the week 20 immunization.
• Routine immunizations if given more than 1 week before or after study vaccine.

Patients must be:

• > 37 weeks gestation and < 72 hours of age born to HIV-infected women.
• NOT born to women who received either passive or active immunotherapy during pregnancy.
• NOT breast-fed.
• NOT born to women who are hepatitis B surface antigen positive.
• Receiving AZT at study entry (except infants enrolled in ACTG 076).

NOTE:

• Parent or guardian must provide informed consent and be willing to comply with study requirements.

Exclusion criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Patients with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

• Documented or suspected serious bacterial infection, metabolic illness, or other immediate life-threatening conditions.

Concurrent Medication:

Excluded:

• Passive or active HIV-specific immunotherapy other than the study candidate vaccines.
• Investigational medications.