A Novel Carbohydrate Counting Smartphone App for Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

Assessing CHO counting using 10 food items from all major food groups. For each group, a simple food (e.g. an apple) and complex food (e.g. food with 2+ components but base food from targeted group) is included. A Co-investigator, Registered Dietitian (RD)/Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE), selected 2 sets of 10 food items for the study visits (verified that both sets were similar difficulty).

The net CHO value (true value) for each food will be based on the nutrition label, USDA Nutrient Database (Release 28), Canadian Nutrient File, or by RD/CDE.

For each food, data will be obtained from all participants:

• Estimated net CHO (in grams)

And with the above data, the following will be calculated:

• % of food for which subjects estimated the CHO content within (+/-) 10 grams of true value.
• Change (%) in the above accuracy measure for counting at baseline versus 3-month follow-up visit in iSpy vs control groups.

Assessing CHO counting using 10 food items from all major food groups. For each group, a simple food (e.g. an apple) and complex food (e.g. food with 2+ components but base food from targeted group) is included. A Co-investigator, Registered Dietitian (RD)/Certified Diabetes Educator (CDE), selected 2 sets of 10 food items for the study visits (verified that both sets were similar difficulty).

The net CHO value (true value) for each food will be based on the nutrition label, USDA Nutrient Database (Release 28), Canadian Nutrient File, or by RD/CDE.

For each food, data will be obtained from all participants:

• Time required to estimate net CHO (in seconds)

In order to calculate the following:

• Change in the above time taken for counting at baseline versus 3-month follow-up visit in iSpy vs control groups.

Quality of Life questionnaires will be analyzed for any change from baseline to 3-month follow-up within both the intervention and control groups.

The first questionnaire including:

• Self Care Inventory: Scale from 1 (Never do it) to 5 (Always do this as recommended without fail);

Quality of Life questionnaires will be analyzed for any change from baseline to 3-month follow-up within both the intervention and control groups.

The second questionnaire including:

• Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire: Selection of 1 of 3 statements best describing the way each task is handled in the family from 1 (Parent taking responsibility almost all of the time) 2 (Parent and Child sharing responsibility equally) to 3 (Child taking responsibility almost all of the time);

Quality of Life questionnaires will be analyzed for any change from baseline to 3-month follow-up within both the intervention and control groups.

The third questionnaire including:

• Quality of Life for Youth: Scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (All the time);

Quality of Life questionnaires will be analyzed for any change from baseline to 3-month follow-up within both the intervention and control groups.

The last questionnaire including:

• Global Quality of Life: Scale from 1 (No Change) to 7 (A great deal better);

• Criteria for implementation success will be based on the studies previously conducted by Co-Principal Investigator (JS): Participant accrual (total completed / total enrolled) and attrition rates (total dropouts / total enrolled). Success being defined as accrual rates >70% and attrition rates <15%;

• Levels of engagement will be assessed as follows:

• Low: defined as less than 1 logged meal every 2 weeks
• High: defined as greater than 1 logged meal every 2 weeks.

• Acceptability: 7 item Acceptability e-Scale (AES) regarding level of acceptability from a scale of 1 (low) to 5 (high) of iSpy, with high acceptability being item mean score of 4 on AES. 2 additional qualitative items are included in AES and will be evaluated.