A New Oral Treatment For Type II Diabetes Mellitus

HbA1c is used to show in participants with diabetes, how well their diabetes is being controlled. The HbA1c test gives the average blood glucose levels over the pervious two to three months. The sample for HbA1c assessment was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) and Visit 12 (Week 12). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 12) value. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and Baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Last observation carried forward (LOCF) dataset defined as carrying forward of the last valid observation recorded on-treatment (scheduled or unscheduled) for participants who withdrew from the study to all remaining main phase visits was used. Adjusted mean is reported as least square (LS) mean.

HbA1c is use d to show in participants with diabetes, how well their diabetes is being controlled. The HbA1c test gives the average blood glucose levels over the pervious two to three months. The sample for HbA1c assessment was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 4, Week 8, Week 16, Week 20 and Week 24) values.

The glycemic assessment of FPG measures a participant's blood sugar level after fasting or not eating anything for at least eight hours (h). The samples of FPG was collected was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) and Visit 12 (Week 12). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 12) value. ANCOVA model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and Baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

The glycemic assessment of FPG measures a participant's blood sugar level after fasting or not eating anything for at least eight h. The sample for FPG assessment was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20 and 24) values.

HbA1c is used to show in participants with diabetes, how well their diabetes is being controlled. The HbA1c test gives the average blood glucose levels over the pervious two to three months. The responders were defined as HbA1c values of <=6.5%, <7% and HbA1c reduction of >=0.7%. Analysis was done based on a logistic regression model with terms included for treatment, gender, prior therapy and Baseline measurement.

The glycemic assessment of FPG measures a participant's blood sugar level after fasting or not eating anything for at least eight h. The responders were defined as FPG value of <7 mmol/L and FPG reduction value of >=1.7 mmol/L. Analysis was done based on a logistic regression model with terms included for treatment, gender, prior therapy and Baseline measurement.

The sample for fructosamine (total and corrected protein) assessment was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) and Visit 12 (Week 12). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 12) value. ANCOVA model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and Baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

The sample for fructosamine (total and corrected protein) assessment was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24) values.

The assessment of fasting serum insulin measures a participant's serum insulin level after fasting or not eating anything for at least eight h. The sample for fasting serum insulin and pro-insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) and Visit 12 (Week 12). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 12) value. ANCOVA model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

The assessment of fasting serum insulin measures a participant's serum insulin level after fasting or not eating anything for at least eight h. The sample for fasting serum insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). The sample for pro-insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 9 (Week 4) and Visit 11 (Week 8). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24) values.

The sample for pro-insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 16, 20 and 24) values.

The samples for pro-insulin and insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0) and Visit 12 (Week 12). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 12) value. ANCOVA model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

The samples for pro-insulin and insulin was collected at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 9 (Week 4) and Visit 11 (Week 8). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 4 and 8) values. ANCOVA model for analysis was used with the terms for gender, prior therapy (diet & exercise/monotherapy), treatment, region and baseline measurement (continuous covariate). Adjusted mean is reported as LS mean.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed in this definition. Medications that lowered blood glucose were capable of producing hypoglycemia or symptoms of hypoglycemia. Participants were provided with a hypoglycemic symptoms log at each visit and were asked to record symptoms of hypoglycemia.

An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Medications that lowered blood glucose were capable of producing hypoglycemia or symptoms of hypoglycemia. Participants were provided with a hypoglycemic symptoms log at each visit and were asked to record symptoms of hypoglycemia. The assessment of severity was done by the investigator. A mild AE was defined as an event that was easily tolerated by the participant, causing minimal discomfort and not interfering with everyday activities. A moderate AE was defined as an event that was sufficiently discomforting to interfere with normal everyday activities. A severe AE was defined as an event that prevents normal everyday activities.

The vital sign assessments include systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). The assessments were done pre-dose at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week 1 to 24) values. The criteria for PCC included: HR increase or decrease from Baseline >30 beats per minute (bpm) and <50 or >120 bpm; SBP increase or decrease from Baseline >30 millimeter of mercury (mmHg) in the same posture and >170 or <100 mmHg; increase or decrease from Baseline >20 mmHg in same posture and >110 or <50 mmHg.

The assessment of body weight was done during the run-in phase, randomized treatment phase and Follow-up at Visit 2 (Week -5), Visit 3 (Week -4), Visit 4 (Week -2), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 18 (Week 24) and Visit 19 (Week 25). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week -5 to 24) values.

BMI is an estimated the body fat of the participants, based on body weight divided by height squared. Height was assessed at Screening (Visit 2, Week -5) and confirmed at Baseline (Visit 5, Week 0). Weight was assessed at all Visits (Visit -5 to Visit 19). BMI was calculated during the run-in phase, randomized treatment phase and Follow-up at Visit 2 (Week -5), Visit 3 (Week -4), Visit 4 (Week -2), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 18 (Week 24) and Visit 19 (Week 25). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week -5 to 24) values.

Waist and hip measurements were done at Screening (Visit 2, Week -5), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 12 (Week 12) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week -5 to 24) values.

Waist to hip ratio calculation from the waist and hip measurements were done at Screening (Visit 2, Week -5), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 12 (Week 12) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week -5 to 24) values.

12-lead ECGs were obtained during the study using an ECG machine that automatically calculated the HR and measured PR, QRS, RR, QT, and QTc intervals. The mean PR interval, RR interval, QRS duration, uncorrected QT interval (UncQT) and QTcB (QT corrected by Bazett's formula) and QTcF (corrected by Friedericia's formula) was calculated from automated ECG readings. ECG was read centrally and locally at Visit 2 (Week -5), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 16 (Week 16) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Baseline value was defined as the assessment done at Week 0. The change from Baseline was calculated by subtracting the Baseline value (Week 0) from the individual post-Baseline (Week -5 to 24) values.

The parameters of clinical chemistry included sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, lactate dehydrogenase ([LDH] if >2x upper limit of reference range, LDH isoenzymes were collected), total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Calcium, phosphorus (inorganic) and uric acid. The assessments were done at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCC was reported are summarized.

The parameters of hematology included red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count and total white blood cell (WBC) count. The assessments were done at Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20) and Visit 18 (Week 24). Only those parameters for which at least one value of PCC was reported are summarized.

The parameters of dipstick urinalysis included glucose, bilirubin, protein and ketones. The abnormal results of dispstick parameters were categorized for glucose as trace or 1/10 gram (g)/deciliter (dL %), 1+ or ¼ g/dL (%), 2+ or ½ g/dL (%), 3+ or 1 g/dL (%); for ketones as 1+ and trace; for proteins as 1+, 2+, 3+ and trace. The assessments were done at Visit 2 (Week -5), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20), Visit 18 (Week 24) and Visit 19 (Week 25).

The parameters of microscopic urinalysis included RBC and WBC. The microscopic urinalysis results for the parameters were categorized as cells of 0-1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-25, 25-50, 50-100 and innumerable. The assessments were done at Visit 2 (Week -5), Visit 5 (Week 0), Visit 6 (Week 1), Visit 7 (Week 2), Visit 8 (Week 3), Visit 9 (Week 4), Visit 10 (Week 6), Visit 11 (Week 8), Visit 12 (Week 12), Visit 13 (Week 13), Visit 14 (Week 14), Visit 15 (Week 15), Visit 16 (Week 16), Visit 17 (Week 20), Visit 18 (Week 24) and Visit 19 (Week 25).

A total of 6 blood samples, 2 milliliter each were planned to be obtained over the course of the study for determination of DEN plasma concentrations. For each PK sampling visit a sampling interval was defined. PK samples were planned to be collected at any time during the defined sampling intervals.

A total of 6 blood samples, 2 milliliter each were planned to be obtained over the course of the study for determination of DPP-IV inhibition. For each PK sampling visit a sampling interval was defined. PK samples were planned to be collected at any time during the defined sampling intervals.