A Neuro-cognitive and Psychosocial Intervention Module in People With Epilepsy

Quality of life in epilepsy-31 scale was used to assess quality of life. The scores are usually transformed into a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating a better quality of life.

The Beck Depression Inventory scale was used to assess depression. It is a widely used self-report questionnaire designed to assess the severity of depression in individuals.a total score of 0-13 indicates minimal depression, 14-19 suggests mild depression, 20-28 reflects moderate depression, and a score of 29-63 signifies severe depression.

The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to assess anxiety. It is a clinician-administered questionnaire used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms. It consists of 14 items, each rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety.

The Stigma Scale of Epilepsy was used to assess stigma. It is a self-report instrument designed to measure perceived stigma among individuals with epilepsy. It is scored by summing the responses to each of its 24 items, which are typically rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The total score can range from 24 to 96, with higher scores indicating a greater perception of stigma.

The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule is a standardized instrument for assessing health and disability across various domains. It includes 36 items covering six domains: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation. Each item is rated on a scale from 1 (no difficulty) to 5 (extreme difficulty), and the total score ranges from 36 to 180, with higher scores indicating greater disability.

The Trail Making Test (TMT) was used to measure attention. It is a neuropsychological assessment used to measure cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and executive function. It consists of two parts: Part A requires connecting numbered circles in ascending order, while Part B involves alternating between numbers and letters. The time taken to complete each part is recorded, with longer times indicating potential cognitive difficulties. The TMT is commonly used to evaluate cognitive impairments and track changes over time in various clinical and research setting

Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test was used to assess memory. It is a cognitive assessment designed to evaluate verbal memory and learning abilities. It involves presenting a list of 15 words to the participant, who is asked to recall them immediately after each of five trials. Following these trials, the participant is asked to recall the words after a delay, assessing both short-term and long-term memory. The test also includes a recognition task to evaluate memory accuracy

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was used to assess executive function. It is a neuropsychological assessment used to evaluate cognitive flexibility, abstract thinking, and executive function. It involves sorting cards based on different categories (color, shape, and number), with the sorting rules changing unpredictably. Participants must adapt to the new sorting rule each time it changes without explicit feedback. Performance is measured by the number of correct responses, errors, and perseverative responses.