A Mobile Intervention to Reduce Pain and Improve Health-III

Daily steps measured over one week via the ActivPAL accelerometer

Measured via questionnaire: the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) 8-item pain interference scale, which produces a t-score such that the population mean is a 50 with a standard deviation of 10; higher scores indicate higher interference.

Measured via the BodyTrace wireless body weight scale

Measured via in-home chair stand task.

Measured via in-home test: 4-meter habitual gait speed

Directly measured using the ActivPAL 4 accelerometer

Assessed via assessor query and spontaneous report

Assessed via semi-structured interview

Assessed via assessor query

Assessed via wearable activity monitor

Self-reported using the 3-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Intensity Scale, which produces a t-score such that the population mean is a 50 with a standard deviation of 10; higher scores indicate higher interference.

Self-Reported via the Pepper Assessment Tool for Disability. The scale produces a total score and subscales capturing basic activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. Scores range from 1-6 with lower scores representing less disability.

Self-reported using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. The scale produces a total score (range 0 - 52) and subscales including rumination (range 0 - 16), magnification (range 0 - 12), and helplessness (range 0 - 24). Higher scores represent greater catastrophizing.

Self-reported using the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scales. Produces six subscale scores: autonomy satisfaction and frustration, relatedness satisfaction and frustration, and competence satisfaction and frustration. Scores for each subscale range from 4 - 20 such that higher scores represent greater satisfaction or frustration.

Self-reported using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The scale produces a positive affect score and a negative affect score, which each range from 10 - 50 whereby higher scores indicate greater positive or negative affect.

Self-reported using the 10-item perceived stress scale. Scores range from 0 - 40 with higher scores indicating greater stress.

Self-reported using the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale as well as by a modified version of the scale to capture accumulated physical activities. Final scores range from 0 - 100 with higher scores reflecting greater self-efficacy.

Self-reported using the Outcome Expectations for Nutrition Scale. The scale produces subscales for physical, social, and self-evaluative outcome expectancies with scores range from 5-25. Higher scores reflect more positive expectations in each domain.

Self-reported using the Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale, modified to capture all daily physical activities. The scale produces subscales for physical, social, and self-evaluative outcome expectancies with scores range from 5-25. Higher scores reflect more positive expectations in each domain.

Self-reported using the Self-Regulation Strategy Usage for Nutrition and Activity. The scales produce scores for nutrition and activity behaviors, which each range from 10-50 such that higher scores reflect greater self-regulation strategy usage.

Self-reported using the Perceived Barriers for Physical Activity and Eating. The scales produce scores for eating and activity behaviors, with each ranging from 1 - 5 such that higher scores indicate more barriers.

Self-reported using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF36). Scores are generated for 8 subdomains (physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social functioning, pain, general health). Scores for each subscale range from 0 - 100; higher scores are better.

Self-reported using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The scale yields a total score of 0 - 21 such that 0 represents no sleep difficulty and 21 represents severe difficulty.