A Lifestyle Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Kuwait and Its Impact on Glycaemic Control

The control group continued to receive routine clinical advice, in addition to the individual session. The intervention group was enrolled in a structured group-based educational program for the duration of the study (12 months). Physical, physiological and biochemical outcome measures were assessed at baseline and then at a 12-month follow up. The total duration of the study, including the recruitment, the screening, the pilot study, the educational sessions and the follow-up, was 14 months altogether, from December 2014 to February 2016. The study consisted of the following three phases.

• Phase 1: included the initial recruiting of diabetes patients at an Al-Rehab polyclinic and the baseline assessment of their medical, dietary and physical activity history, in addition to the biochemical assessment.
• Phase 2 (pilot study): Five patients were chosen from the recruited patients for a pilot study to be monitored for one whole month (30 days) in order to evaluate the lifestyle intervention's safety, its compliance to the educational sessions, and anticipated barriers and results. Recruitment continued during the pilot study.
• Phase 3 (main study): This phase was based on recommending lifestyle intervention to the intervention group of diabetes patients. The educational sessions were scheduled every two weeks and a total of four sessions was provided. Both intervention and control groups were received individual sessions at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Later, there was a follow up of the intervention and the control groups at the end of the study, to measure the intervention's effectiveness and evaluate the results.

Inclusion criteria

• Type 2 diabetes, treated with diabetes medications but not on insulin only, and who had other chronic diseases associated with diabetes, such as hypertension and hyperlipidaemia

Exclusion criteria

• History of major disabilities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), an inability to walk, cancer, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD).