A Comprehensive Analysis of the Comparative Efficacy of Multimodal Diarrhea Therapies in the Paediatric Population

This study will employ a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design and will be conducted at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH) in Multan, Pakistan, from September 15, 2024, to December 15, 2024. A total of 100 patients will be included, with approximately 25 patients allocated to each intervention group. The sampling technique will be convenience sampling, where patients meeting the inclusion criteria and presenting during the study period will be recruited.

The main study variables include the intervention groups-Group 1: zinc and probiotic, Group 2: zinc, probiotic, and prebiotics, Group 3: zinc, probiotics, and anti-secretory, and Group 4: zinc, probiotic, anti-secretory, and adsorbent-time to resolution of diarrhea, and clinical outcomes. Data will be collected through caregiver interviews, clinical examinations, and a review of medical records. A structured questionnaire or proforma will be used to gather relevant information from patients and caregivers regarding demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, interventions received, and outcomes.

**Data Analysis Procedure:** Statistical analysis will be conducted using SPSS software, version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Both quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed, with descriptive statistics such as mean, median, standard deviation, and frequency distributions used to summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population. For comparing outcomes between intervention groups, inferential statistical tests such as ANOVA for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables will be employed, depending on the nature of the data. Confounding variables will be controlled through multivariate analysis, and a p-value of less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Inclusion criteria

-

Inclusion criteria

• Pediatric patients, both male and female, aged 6 months to 5 years presenting with acute diarrhea at CMH Multan.
• Patients or caregivers willing to provide informed consent for participation in the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Pediatric Patients with chronic diarrhea or underlying gastrointestinal disorders.
• Pediatric Patients with severe dehydration requiring immediate medical intervention.
• Pediatric Patients with a history of allergy or intolerance to any of the study interventions.
• Pediatric Patients with severe comorbidities or immunocompromised status.