A Comparison of Single-Stage Full-Mouth Disinfection With Quadrant-Based Scaling and Root Planing in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes and Severe Periodontitis: An Assessment of Its Impact on Quality of Life

The impact of periodontal treatments on patients' quality of life was investigated by administering the OHIP-14 and OIDP questionnaires at baseline, one month post-treatment, and three months post-treatment. Responses obtained from participants via the OHIP-14 questionnaire were assessed using a five-point Likert scale for each item. The scale was scored as follows: 0 (never), 1 (rarely), 2 (occasionally), 3 (often) and 4 (very often). The total oral health-related quality of life score for each individual was calculated by summing the scores given for each question.

During measurements taken using a Williams periodontal probe (Hu Friedy, Chicago, Illinois, USA), the probe was positioned parallel to the long axis of the teeth without applying pressure, and the distance from the gingival margin to the base of the periodontal pocket was measured and recorded. The percentage of pocket depths of 7 mm or more, measured from the six regions of each tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual), was calculated relative to the total number of tooth surfaces measured in the mouth. The percentage of all pocket depths of 7 mm or more in the individual's mouth was calculated using the following formula.

% ≥ 7 mm PD = Total of pocket depths of 7 mm or more × 100 / Total number of teeth × 6

During measurements taken using a Williams periodontal probe (Hu Friedy, Chicago, Illinois, USA), the probe was positioned parallel to the long axis of the teeth without applying pressure, and the distance from the gingival margin to the base of the periodontal pocket was measured and recorded. The percentage of pocket depths within the 4-6 mm range, measured from six regions of each tooth (mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual), was calculated relative to the total number of tooth surfaces measured in the mouth. The percentage of pocket depths within the 4-6 mm range for the entire mouth was calculated using the following formula.

%4-6 mm PD = (Total of 4-6 mm pocket depths × 100) / (Total number of teeth × 6)

The distance from the enamel-cementum junction to the sulcus/pocket floor was measured in millimetres on six surfaces of the tooth-mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual-using a Williams periodontal probe (Williams periodontal probe, Hu Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA). The average CAL value for the entire mouth was calculated using the following formula:

CAL = Sum of clinical attachment levels / Number of existing teeth × 6

Pocket depth was measured in six regions: mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual. A Williams periodontal probe was used for the measurements (Hu Friedy, Chicago, Illinois, USA).

During the measurements, the periodontal probe was positioned parallel to the long axis of the teeth without applying pressure, and the distance from the gingival margin to the base of the periodontal pocket was measured and recorded. The following formula was used to determine the average PD for the individual's entire mouth.

PD = Sum of probed pocket depths / Number of existing teeth × 6

When the periodontal probe was gently moved along the gingival sulcus, a score of (+) was assigned if bleeding occurred, and (-) if no bleeding occurred. The final score was calculated as a percentage (%).

Bleeding Score (%) = Number of teeth with bleeding × 100 / Total number of teeth

The Silness-Löe plaque index (PI) was used to measure the degree of plaque formation and accumulation in the mouth. According to this index:

0 = No bacterial plaque in the gingival region,

• = The presence of plaque that is not visible to the naked eye at the free gingival margin but can be detected by moving the probe through the gingival sulcus,
• = The presence of moderate plaque within the gingival pocket and on the tooth surface adjacent to the gingival margin,
• = The presence of a visible amount of dense, soft deposit within the gingival pocket and on the tooth surface adjacent to the gingival margin.

The individual's PI score was calculated using the following formula after summing the PI scores obtained from the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth.

PI = Total of PI scores for all teeth / Number of teeth present × 4

The Löe-Silness gingival index (GI) was used to diagnose gingival inflammation. According to this classification:

0=Healthy gums

• = Mild inflammation: Mild discolouration and mild swelling present, but no bleeding on probing
• = Moderate inflammation: Redness, swelling, glossiness and bleeding on probing
• = Severe inflammation: Marked redness and swelling. Ulcerations and a tendency towards spontaneous bleeding are present.

The individual's GI score was calculated using the following formula after summing the GI scores obtained from the mesiobuccal, buccal, distobuccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth.

GI = Total of GI scores for all teeth / Number of existing teeth × 4