A Comparison of Direct 3D Printed Clear Aligner System and Indirect Clear Aligner Systems With Fixed Orthodontic Treatment in Terms of Endocrine Disrupting Monomer Release, Treatment Effectiveness and Efficiency

The aim of our study is to evaluate the saliva concentration of endocrine-disrupting monomers released from attachments used and clear aligners produced directly by the orthodontist in the clinic and indirectly produced by companies. Accordingly comparing them with the fixed orthodontic treatment group and assessing clear aligner's safety for general health. It is also aimed to compare the groups in terms of treatment effectivenes and total time spent . Endocrine-disrupting chemicals are substances that interfere with the synthesis, metabolism, or effects of hormones, causing deviation from normal reproduction and homeostatic control in organisms. Bisphenol A (BPA), a monomer, is also included in the chemicals listed as endocrine disruptors by the World Health Organization. Different studies have suggested that Bisphenol A may cause adverse health effects by acting as an endocrine disruptor. While previous research has been conducted on BPA release or monomer leakage related to orthodontic materials, there is limited evidence regarding the safety aspects of thermoplastic aligners or retainers. The concentrations of endocrine-disrupting monomers in the saliva of patients undergoing treatment with directly produced aligners by orthodontists and indirectly produced aligners by companies will be examined in comparison to patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Patients will not receive any treatment other than routine orthodontic care.

Inclusion criteria

• Absence of primary teeth in the oral cavity, with permanent teeth fully erupted,
• Presence of a non-extraction orthodontic treatment plan,
• Age range of 15 to 24 years,
• Presence of mild to moderate dental crowding (0-6 mm of crowding),
• Classification as skeletal Class I (ANB: 2±2°),
• Absence of any craniofacial anomalies,
• Normal vertical growth pattern (Sn-GoGn: 32±6°),
• No congenital tooth agenesis (excluding third molars),
• Absence of atypical tooth morphology,
• No extracted permanent teeth,
• Absence of dental caries,
• Good level of oral hygiene,
• Healthy periodontal tissues.

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of any systemic disease,
• History of previous fixed orthodontic treatment,
• History of allergy to any dental material,
• Use of medications containing estrogen analogs,
• Patients with a history of xerostomia and a salivary flow rate of less than 0.1 ml per minute,
• Patients with more than five composite restorations.