A Combination of AKR1B10 and CA19-9 Improves the Diagnosis of PDAC

General Inclusion Criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years old;
• Sign the informed consent form voluntarily;
• Not a patient in the intensive care unit;

• Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC group)

• Two or more imaging studies (ultrasound, CT, MRI) found pancreatic tumors before operation, after surgical resection, intraoperative frozen pathology and postoperative pathology were clearly diagnosed as PDAC by 2 experienced pathologists, or diagnosed as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by preoperative needle biopsy；
• No other treatments such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy have been taken before the operation.

• Benign disease group (Benign group)

• Diagnosis of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMN), mucinous cystadenoma or pancreas cyst based on clinical manifestations, clinical examinations, medical imagings (ultrasound/CT/MRI/ERCP), biopsy, and pathology
• No relevant surgical treatment;

• Healthy donors (Healthy group)

• Healthy donors undergoing medical examinations at the above research centers;
• Healthy donors of similar age without any benign or malignant diseases.

Exclusion criteria

• PDAC group:

• Patients who have undergone radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other tumor-related treatments before surgery;
• Patients with non-primary pancreatic cancer;
• Patients undergoing secondary operations;
• Infected with HIV or AIDS related diseases;
• Diagnosed as chronic or acute gastroenteritis;
• Pregnant women;
• Other situations that are not suitable for this research; 2. Benign group

(1) Patients who have undergone related surgical treatment in other hospitals; (2) Patients with a history of malignant tumors; 3. Healthy group:

• Patients with a history of tumor;
• Tumors found in medical examinations;
• History of hepatitis B or C;
• A history of acute or chronic gastroenteritis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis.