A Clinical Trial of Dental Device Cemented with Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement

Primary outcomes

1. Marginal bone loss around dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured in millimeters (mm) through intra-oral x-ray and horizontal and vertical bone loss through Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scan

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of the participant every three (3) months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, intra-oral x-ray will be taken to evaluate hard tissue. Marginal bone loss, if any will be recorded in millimeters (mm). If additional issue (specially radiolucency) of hard tissue is detected then further evaluation through Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Scan will be conducted.

2. Gingival status and health around dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Loe and Silness Gingival Index as Grade 0 to 3 and will be recorded with photographs

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of the participant every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, clinical examination including photographs will be conducted to evaluate soft tissue. Additionally Loe and Silness Gingival Index will be used to measure in grades 0 to 3, where Grade 0 means Normal gingiva (natural coral pink gingiva; no inflammation; no discoloration); Grade 1 means Mild Inflammation (slight change in color; slight edema; no bleeding upon probing); Grade 2 means Moderate inflammation (Redness; edema; glazing; bleeding upon probing); and Grade 3 means Severe inflammation (Marked redness and edema; swelling; possible ulceration; tendency to bleed spontaneously).

3. Oral Hygiene status around dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Quigley and Hein Plaque Index as Score 0 to 5

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of the participant every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, Quigley and Hein Plaque Index will be used to evaluate oral hygiene through Score 0 to 5, where Score 0 means No Plaque; Score 1 means Flecks of stain on the gingival margin; Score 2 means Definite line of plaque on the gingival margin; Score 3 means Plaque on gingival third of tooth surface; Score 4 means Plaque on almost two thirds of tooth surface; and Score 5 means Plaque on greater than two third of tooth surface.

4. Pain on and around dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Visual Analogue Scale as Score 0 to 10

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of the participant every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, pain on and around dental device ("dantya nikhan") will be recorded with Visual Analogue Scale through Score 0 to 10, where Score 0 means No Pain; Score 1-3 means Mild Pain; Score 4-5 means Moderate Pain; Score 6-7 means Severe Pain; Score 8-9 means Very Severe Pain; and Score 10 means Worst Pain.

5. Discomfort on and around dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Visual Analogue Scale as Score 0 to 10

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of the participant every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, discomfort on and around dental device ("dantya nikhan") will be recorded with Visual Analogue Scale through Score 0 to 10, where Score 0 means No Discomfort; Score 1-3 means Mild Discomfort; Score 4-5 means Moderate Discomfort; Score 6-7 means Severe Discomfort; Score 8-9 means Very Severe Discomfort; and Score 10 means Worst Discomfort.

6. Dislodgment of dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Present, Mobile and Absent

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit of every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, dislodgment of dental device ("dantya nikhan") will be recorded through Present, Mobile and Absent, where Present means that the dental device has been completely detached from the osteotomy; Mobile means that the dental device is not completely detached, but is mobile; and Absent means that the dental device is neither completely detached from the osteotomy nor is mobile.

7. Fracture or crack of dental device ("dantya nikhan") measured through Present and Absent

   Time frame: Total time frame is 16 months, 48 samples trial is to be completed in 4 months. Each sample will have follow up of 3 months for 12 months. The trial of samples on 4th month will complete the 12 months follow up in the 16th month.

   During each visit every three months (four times in twelve months), or as requested by the participant, fracture of dental device ("dantya nikhan") will be recorded through Present and Absent, where Present means that the dental device is fractured or cracked; and Absent means that the dental device is neither fractured nor cracked.