A Clinical Study on the Effect of Cardiopulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Complicated by Heart Failure by "Lying-Sitting-Standing" Sequential Baduanjin

Primary outcomes

1. Patients were stratified based on their 6-minute walk test distance

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   The 6-minute walk test is an objective indicator for evaluating exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure, representing the total distance a patient can walk in 6 minutes. The results are categorized into four grades based on the distance covered: <300 m, 300-374.9 m, 375-449.9 m, and ≥450 m.

2. NYHA（New York Heart Association）classification of cardiac function

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, proposed in 1928 and still in use today, categorizes patients into classes Ⅰ through Ⅳ, with class Ⅰ representing the best condition and class Ⅳ the worst.

3. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on echocardiography

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   Ejection fraction is a ratio reflecting the efficiency of cardiac pumping, defined as the percentage of blood volume pumped out by the left ventricle during each contraction (stroke volume, SV) relative to its end-diastolic volume (EDV). It is measured using the Simpson's method on echocardiography.

4. C-reactive protein levels

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   Unit:mg/L

5. ＳＦ-３６（ShortForm36HealthSurvey）

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   The SF-36 is a generic scale developed by the Boston Health Research Institute in the United States in 1988, based on the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form (MOS SF) originally devised by Stewart et al. It is used to assess health-related quality of life in populations. The scale contains 36 items and comprehensively evaluates health-related quality of life across eight dimensions: Physical Functioning (PF), Role-Physical (RP), Bodily Pain (BP), General Health (GH), Vitality (VT), Social Functioning (SF), Role-Emotional (RE), and Mental Health (MH). Scores for each dimension are converted using specific formulas to a scale of 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status.

6. NT-proBNP（N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide）levels

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   Unit:pg/ml

7. FMD（flow-mediated vasodilation）

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a non-invasive method for assessing vascular endothelial function, based on the mechanism by which endothelial cells respond to changes in shear stress. It uses high-frequency ultrasound (7-12 MHz) to measure the inner diameter of the brachial artery at rest, record the peak blood flow velocity and changes in vessel diameter following reactive hyperemia, and calculate the maximum vasodilatory response. The calculation formula is: FMD = [(post-reactive diameter - baseline diameter) / baseline diameter] × 100%.

8. ADL（Activities of Daily Living Scale）

   Time frame: From enrollment to the end of the 12-week treatment

   The ADL , which stands for the Activities of Daily Living Scale, was developed by Lawton and Brody in 1969. It is primarily used to assess an individual's ability to perform daily activities. The basic activities of daily living evaluated by this scale include ten items: feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowel control, bladder control, toileting, bed-to-chair transfer, walking on level ground, and stair climbing. The total score is 100 points. Based on the score, functional status is classified into four levels: ≤40 indicates severe dependence; 41-60 indicates moderate dependence; 61-99 indicates mild dependence; and 100 indicates independence.