A Brief Educational Intervention to Improve Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Screening Outcomes

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: The investigators propose to develop an educational handout on mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to evaluate whether this brief, educational intervention improves knowledge and understanding of TBI and the screening results. The long-term goal is to promote expectations for a positive recovery in Veterans with mTBI. The specific aim is to evaluate the effect of the intervention on Veterans' knowledge and illness perceptions regarding TBI. Hypotheses are as follows:

• Veterans who receive the educational intervention will have improved knowledge and understanding of TBI and the meaning of a positive TBI screen compared to Veterans who undergo screening as usual.
• Veterans who screen positive for TBI and receive the educational intervention will have less negative illness perceptions regarding TBI compared to Veterans who screen positive in the control group.

Secondary analyses are to identify clinic-level barriers and facilitators to incorporation of the educational handout into the clinical encounter.

RESEARCH PLAN: The investigators will compare 2 groups of Veterans (N = 1500), half of whom are screened as usual and half of whom receive the educational intervention. Participants will be Veterans from 4 VA post-deployment clinics in Bay Pines, FL; Hampton, VA; Providence, RI; and Tampa, FL. The recruitment portion of the study will last 24 weeks at each site. The first 12 weeks of the study, all OEF/OIF Veterans that are screened for TBI will be enrolled into the screening as usual control group. The following 12 weeks all OEF/OIF Veterans screened for TBI will be enrolled into the intervention group. The investigators anticipate enrolling 750 Veterans in each group.

METHODOLOGY: All OEF/OIF Veterans screened for TBI in the 4 identified post-deployment clinics during the study period will be eligible for inclusion in the study. The primary outcome is knowledge gained about mTBI and illness perception. All participants will be given an instrument with questions on demographics and TBI knowledge and perceptions. Participants who receive the educational handout will be asked for additional feedback. The investigators will examine the effect of the intervention on the number of correct responses to the knowledge items as well as the rates of correct answers to each individual knowledge item. Further, the investigators will examine the effect of the intervention on each of the illness perception scores.

Inclusion criteria

• All OEF/OIF Veterans screened for TBI at the designated clinic at 1 of the 4 study sites (during the 6 months of recruitment) will be eligible.

Exclusion criteria

• None