On the Effect of a Hybrid Health Literacy Intervention on Sexual Function and Digital Health Literacy in Menopausal Women

The intervention is designed to help postmenopausal women access, understand, critically evaluate, and apply health information relevant to sexual well-being. It combines sexual health education with practical activities aimed at strengthening digital health literacy.

The first session, delivered in person, introduces health literacy and sexual changes associated with menopause. Topics include changes in sexual desire, vaginal dryness, discomfort during intercourse, body awareness, and communication with a partner. Activities include discussion of short educational texts, clarification of unfamiliar health terms, breathing and relaxation techniques, and guided pelvic floor muscle exercises.

The second session, delivered online, focuses on finding reliable health information and evaluating online content. Participants will discuss how to assess the source, scientific basis, currency, and potential commercial interests of health information. Scenario-based activities will help participants compare different recommendations and consider their relevance to individual needs.

The third session, also delivered online, focuses on applying information in daily life. Participants will develop personal plans addressing pelvic floor exercises, partner communication, and informed decisions about sexual health practices. Information about vaginal moisturizers and lubricants will be provided for educational purposes; no medication or product will be assigned as a study treatment. Discussion of practical difficulties and educator feedback will reinforce the skills covered during the program.

Questionnaires will be administered using printed forms or Google Forms. Responses will be coded to protect participant confidentiality. The analysis will evaluate between-group differences and changes over time in sexual function and digital health literacy.

Inclusion criteria

• Women aged 45-60 years. Postmenopausal status, defined as at least 12 months since the last menstrual period.

Willing and able to provide written informed consent. Able to use a smartphone, tablet, or computer and participate in online sessions.

Able to read and write in Turkish.

Exclusion criteria

• Serious systemic disease, such as heart failure, renal failure, liver failure, or uncontrolled hypertension.

A diagnosis of depression, an anxiety disorder, dementia, or another serious psychiatric condition.

A history of pelvic surgery or a current vaginal infection. Current use of hormone therapy. Regular use of medications that may affect sexual function, such as antidepressants.