Integrated Motor-Cognitive Training in Parkinson's Disease: A Feasibility Study

Calculated as the ratio of eligible patients to the total number of screened patients.

Calculated as the ratio of recruited patients to total eligible patients.

Defined as the average number of participants enrolled per month.

The percentage of participants who withdraw from the study.

The percentage of scheduled training sessions attended

The percentage of enrolled participants who complete all follow-up assessments

Participants will complete a questionnaire at the end of the intervention to evaluate their subjective experience, perceived benefits, and difficulties of the treatment. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("low") to 5 ("extremely high"), with higher scores indicating a more positive evaluation or greater perceived benefit/difficulty.

The incidence and severity of any adverse events (e.g., falls or excessive fatigue) recorded during the study.

The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) will be used to monitor and quantify physical and cognitive effort. Total score ranges from 6 to 20. Higher scores indicate greater perceived exertion

The Borg Intensity Scale-Exerciser (BIS-E) will be used to quantify exertion. Total score ranges from 0 to 30, higher scores indicate greater perceived balance effort, difficulty, and postural instability during circuit stations.

Digital Cognitive Progression Index (NeuronUP Activity Score) will be used to quantifies session-by-session cognitive performance and adaptive difficulty progression across the 10 training sessions. The score is calculated using NeuronUP's standardized algorithm based on accuracy, total completed phases, and maximum difficulty reached, yielding a score from 0 to 100. Higher scores reflect greater task proficiency and successful progression to higher difficulty levels. This metric serves as an exploratory/feasibility measure of intra-intervention cognitive learning.

The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG Single Task) will be used to assess the change in dynamic balance, mobility, and gait. Evaluated as time (in seconds). Lower time indicates better functional mobility.

10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) will be used to assess change in gait speed over a 10-meter distance. Evaluated as speed in meters per second (m/s). Higher values indicate faster walking speed and improved gait dynamics.

The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) will be used to assess change in total distance walked (in meters) within 6 minutes. Evaluated as total distance walked (in meters) within 6 minutes. Higher distance indicates superior physical endurance.

Mini-BESTest Total Score will be used to assess change dynamic balance abilities across four subscales (anticipatory postural adjustments, reactive postural control, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait).Total score ranges from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating superior dynamic balance and lower fall risk.

The Finger Tapping Test Performance will be used to assess motor speed. Measures include total number of taps (right and left hand). Higher tap counts indicate better motor control.

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) total score will be used to assess global cognitive function. The scale ranges from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better global cognitive function (a score of 26 or above is generally considered normal).

The Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A) will be used to assess visual search abilities and processing speed.

The Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) Time will be used to assess executive function, cognitive flexibility, and set-shifting.

The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) will be used to assess information processing speed and attention.

The Choice Reaction Time (CRT) Task will be used to assess decision-making processing speed and cognitive-motor control. Evaluated via number of correct responses, mean reaction time (in milliseconds) for correct responses, and mean reaction time for error responses. Lower reaction times and higher correct rates indicate better performance.

The Simple Reaction Time (SRT) will be used to assess reaction time speed. Evaluated as mean reaction time (in milliseconds) for correct responses and number of correct responses. Lower reaction times indicate faster processing speed; Higher correct responses indicate better accuracy.

The EQ-5D Quality of Life Questionnaire will be used to assess health-related quality of life across 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). Higher scores indicate superior quality of life.

The Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16) will be used to assess the impact of fatigue specific to Parkinson's disease. Total mean score ranges from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater perceived fatigue.