Plasmatic Biomarkers Associated With Short-term Luspatercept Treatment of Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Patients

Inclusion criteria

• Signed Written Informed Consent
• Participants must be ≥ 18 years of age
• Type of Participant and Target Disease Characteristics:

Participant had documented diagnosis of MDS according to World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification

• IPSS-R : very low, low, or intermediate-risk disease
• Less than 5% blasts (< 5%) (in bone marrow and < 1% PB blasts)
• Performance status: Eastern (ECOG) score of 0, 1, or 2
• Anemic patients with Hb ≤10g/dL
• First line therapy by luspatercept for lower risk MDS RS+ and MDS-RS- patients
• Or Second line therapy by luspatercept for MDS-RS+ refractory or intolerant to prior ESA treatment, as defined by any one of the following:

• Refractory to prior ESA treatment: documentation of nonresponse or response that was no longer maintained to prior ESA-containing regimen, either as a single agent or in combination (eg, with G-CSF).
• Intolerant to prior ESA treatment: Documentation of discontinuation of prior ESA-containing regimen, either as a single agent or in combination (eg, with G-CSF), at any time after introduction due to intolerance or an AE
• Patient or his entourage having a smartphone to load the application for Fidelio ( the chatbot)
• Affiliated to SS

Exclusion critéria:

• Higher risk MDS, del 5q syndrome, MDS-RS-T, MD- CMML
• Participant which has known clinically significant anaemia due to iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiencies, iron deficiency anaemia or autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
• Prior allogeneic or autologous stem cell transplant
• Use of any of the following within 2-weeks prior to treatment:

Anticancer cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent or treatment Any investigational agents within 30 days

• Pregnancy
• Psychiatric contraindications
• Protected people according to articles L1121-5 à L1121-8 of CSP