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NCT Number: NCT07829042

The Effect of High-Intensity Short-Duration Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity High-Volume Exercise on Glucose Control

This study will be conducted as a prospective, randomized crossover trial evaluating non-diabetic and pre-diabetic adults ($n=12$) continuously monitored with Dexcom G7 continuous glucose monitors over an 11-day period. Participants will complete two distinct exercise protocols in a randomized sequence: five consecutive days of Zone 2 aerobic exercise and a single session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Primary outcome metrics will focus on mean glucose levels and time in range (TIR, defined as $\\le 120\\text{ mg/dL}$) recorded throughout each active exercise block and its associated recovery window. To evaluate the comparative efficacy of the two modalities, paired within-subject differences will be statistically analyzed against pre-specified non-inferiority margins set at $3\\text{ mg/dL}$ for mean glucose, as well as a primary $3$-point and secondary $5$-point margin for time in range.

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Key information

Conditions

Glucose Control

Age range

18 year and older

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

University of California, San Francisco

San Francisco, California, 94143, United States

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

Age 18 years or older. Non-diabetic or pre-diabetic status (defined by medical history or standard screening criteria, e.g., HbA1c < 6.5%).

Capable and willing to participate in both Zone 2 aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols.

Willing to wear a continuous glucose monitor (Dexcom G7) continuously for the 11-day study duration.

Able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

Diagnosis of Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Use of glucose-lowering medications, insulin, or other pharmaceuticals that significantly alter glucose metabolism.

Current skin conditions, allergies, or sensitivities to medical-grade adhesives that prevent continuous glucose monitor placement.

Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or neurological conditions that contraindicate vigorous exercise or high-intensity interval training.

Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study period. Concurrent participation in another clinical trial or interventional exercise study.

Treatment and study plan

High Intensity Interval Training

Other

The Norwegian 4x4: The workout begins with a 5-to-10-minute warm-up, followed by four separate 4-minute high-intensity intervals where you push your body to 85%-95% of your maximum heart rate (roughly an 8 or 9 out of 10 effort level, where you are breathing too heavily to speak full sentences). Each intense "push" is interspersed with a 3-minute active recovery period of low-intensity movement-such as walking or light cycling-to let your heart rate drop back down to roughly 60%-70% of its maximum before starting the next round.

Moderate intensity aerobic training

Other

45 minutes of zone 2 training for five consecutive days

Primary outcomes

  1. Mean Glucose Concentration

    Time frame: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.

    Average glucose level recorded by continuous glucose monitor (CGM) across the exercise intervention block and its subsequent recovery window.

  2. Time in Range (TIR)

    Time frame: Measured continuously over each 5-day exercise/recovery block within the 11-day monitoring period.

    Percentage of time spent with sensor glucose values under 120mg/dL during the active exercise block and its recovery window.

Study contacts

Contact information is provided by the study sponsor or research team.

Jeanne Noble, MD

CONTACT

[email protected]

5109676874

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

University of California, San Francisco

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of High-Intensity Short-Duration Exercise Versus Moderate-Intensity High-Volume Exercise on Glucose Control as Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Important dates

Study start
2026
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Sep 18, 2026
Registry last updated
Sep 18, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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