Comparative Evaluation of Omega-3 and Resveratrol Supplementation in Periodontitis Patients

The aim of this retrospective comparative study is to evaluate the clinical effects of resveratrol and omega-3 supplementation administered as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal treatment on periodontal clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis, and to compare these two adjunctive approaches both with non-supplemented non-surgical periodontal treatment and with each other. In addition to microbial dental biofilm, host inflammatory and immune responses play important roles in the progression of periodontitis. Therefore, periodontal treatment aims not only to reduce the microbial burden but also to control excessive inflammatory responses, promote the resolution of inflammation, and limit periodontal tissue destruction. In this context, adjunctive approaches with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may contribute to improving the clinical outcomes of periodontal treatment.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the principal components of omega-3 fatty acids, may contribute to the resolution of inflammation and restoration of periodontal tissue homeostasis by modulating the production of inflammatory lipid mediators and promoting the formation of specialized pro-resolving mediators, including resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Resveratrol, on the other hand, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may contribute to the regulation of inflammatory responses through effects on NF-κB-related inflammatory signaling pathways, oxidative stress, and cellular signaling mechanisms. These properties provide a rationale for evaluating resveratrol and omega-3 supplementation as adjunctive approaches to non-surgical periodontal treatment.

A total of 60 systemically healthy, non-smoking patients diagnosed with periodontitis were included in the study and categorized into three groups according to their recorded supplementation status, with 20 patients in each group. The first group consisted of patients who received resveratrol supplementation in addition to non-surgical periodontal treatment; the second group consisted of patients who received omega-3 supplementation in addition to non-surgical periodontal treatment; and the third group consisted of patients who received non-surgical periodontal treatment alone without additional supplementation. Patients who had received periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months, had used antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, or systemic corticosteroids within the previous 6 months, or had any systemic disease were excluded from the study.

Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The evaluated parameters included probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing. The study aims to compare the periodontal clinical outcomes among the three groups and to determine whether adjunctive resveratrol or omega-3 supplementation is associated with additional clinical benefits beyond those achieved with non-surgical periodontal treatment alone. Furthermore, the study aims to compare resveratrol and omega-3 supplementation with each other in terms of their associated clinical periodontal outcomes. This three-group comparison is intended to provide a comprehensive clinical evaluation of the potential contribution of these adjunctive supplementation approaches to periodontal treatment outcomes.

Inclusion criteria

• Presence of at least 20 natural permanent teeth,
• Age between 18 and 65 years,
• Non-smoker status,
• No use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or systemic corticosteroids within the previous 6 months,
• No known history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, or dietary supplements containing these components,
• No periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months,
• Absence of any oral or other systemic disease,
• Not being pregnant or lactating.

Exclusion criteria

• Presence of fewer than 20 natural permanent teeth,
• Age younger than 18 years or older than 65 years,
• Current smoking,
• Use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or systemic corticosteroids within the previous 6 months,
• Known hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to resveratrol, omega-3 fatty acids, or dietary supplements containing these components,
• Periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months,
• Presence of any oral or systemic disease,
• Pregnancy or lactation.