Prevalence of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome in Patients Diagnosed With Acne Vulgaris in Sohag University Hospital

A cross-sectional observational study designed to determine the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among patients diagnosed with acne vulgaris attending Sohag University Hospital.

Inclusion criteria

• Female patients at childbearing age ( 15 - 49 years) (World Health, 2024).
• Patients clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris.

• Clinical diagnosis of Acne vulgaris:

o Presence of comedones (open/black and closed/white), inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, or nodules), with or without post-acne changes such as hyperpigmentation or scarring (Oge et al., 2019).

• Patients diagnosed with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) according to the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for PCOS diagnosis.
• Diagnostic criteria for PMOS diagnosis in adults : (Forslund et al., 2024).

• Diagnosis of PMOS will be based on the presence of at least two of the following three criteria after exclusion of other etiologies:

• Ovulatory dysfunction:
• Irregular menstrual cycles or oligo/anovulation. 2. Clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism:
• Clinical signs such as hirsutism and/or acne, or biochemical evidence of elevated androgen levels.

• Polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM):
• Polycystic ovaries detected by pelvic ultrasound, or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in adults as an alternative to ultrasound.
• Most women with PMOS have a combination of hyperandrogenism and irregular cycles, and in these cases there is no need to assess PCOM. In adolescents, both ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism are mandatory (Forslund et al., 2024).
• Patients willing to participate and provide informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

• Pregnant women.
• Lactating mothers
• Women diagnosed with other acneiform lesions
• Women on certain drug treatments like oral contraceptive pills, ovarian stimulating drugs and oral hypoglycemic agents like metformin.
• Patients with incomplete clinical data or who refuse to participate in the study.