Leukocyte Glucose Index and Severity of Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious acute complication of diabetes. The Leukocyte Glucose Index (LGI), calculated from admission leukocyte count and blood glucose, is a simple biomarker that may help early risk stratification.

This observational study will include adult patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. LGI will be calculated at admission. DKA severity will be classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to ADA criteria. Diabetic microvascular complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) will be assessed.

Inclusion criteria

• - Age 18 years or older
• Known diabetes mellitus or newly diagnosed diabetes presenting with DKA
• Fulfilling accepted clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis
• Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• - Active infection or sepsis judged likely to substantially influence leukocyte count independently of DKA
• Hematological malignancy or disorder affecting leukocyte count
• Recent chemotherapy, G-CSF, or other treatment markedly altering leukocyte count
• Pregnancy
• Concurrent acute inflammatory or autoimmune disease likely to affect inflammatory indices
• Systemic corticosteroid use before presentation when clinically significant
• Incomplete clinical or laboratory data preventing LGI calculation or DKA severity assessment
• Refusal to participate