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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07821346

Development of a Visual and Motion Dual-Mirror Robot-Assisted Upper Limb Training System

Stroke is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. It can also cause sensory, cognitive, and unilateral upper-limb motor impairments. Thus, there is strong need for rehabilitative approaches enhancing motor recovery for stroke patients. To maximize neural, motor and functional recovery, various physical rehabilitation approaches can be employed, including somatosensory training, bilateral arm training, mirror therapy, and robotic therapy. However, few existing system combines mirror visual feedback with robotic assistance simultaneously.

This motivated our study to integrate both approaches, providing simultaneous visual and physical feedback to create stronger multisensory stimulation and promote neuroplasticity.

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Key information

Conditions

Healthy Elderly

Sex eligibility

All sexes

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Nation Cheng Kung University

Tainan, 701, Taiwan

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • 20 years old above
  • Able to understand in Mandarin Chinese or Taiwanese
  • Without past medical history of skeletal muscle or neurological disease
  • Dominant hand is right
  • Normal cognitive function to understand and follow the instructions

Exclusion criteria

  • Use of medications that lower the seizure threshold or use of psychotropic medications.
  • Having shoulder pain, dislocation, or fracture.
  • Having metallic implants , skull defects, or experiencing motion sickness after prolonged usage of fNIRS.
  • With history of mental disorders or current use of any antipsychotic medications.

Treatment and study plan

Robot-Mirror Therapy (RMT)

Behavioral

In this condition, the participants focused on the mirror illusion of the non-dominant arm moving while the robotic arm guided the non-dominant hand to perform the mirrored movements.

Robot therapy (RT)

Behavioral

This condition involves robotic-assisted bilateral movements without mirror visual feedback.

Mirror Therapy (MT)

Behavioral

In this condition, participants moved the dominant hand to create a mirrored illusion of movement of the non-dominant while performing the motor task.

Motor Imagery (MI)

Behavioral

Required participants to imagine bilateral movements without physical execution.

No Treatment (NT)

Behavioral

Participants performed the task using the dominant hand only without mirror or robotic arm

Primary outcomes

  1. Oxygenated hemoglobin

    Time frame: 1 hour

    The oxygenated hemoglobin was measured while the participants perform the task under five conditions.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Other

Registry information

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2026
Study completion
2026
First posted
Sep 15, 2026
Registry last updated
Sep 15, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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