Augmented Reality Dentistry

Primary outcomes

1. Accuracy of Osteotomies and Odontotomies Assessed by Linear and Angular Deviation from the Preoperative Surgical Plan

   Time frame: 1 month

   Postoperative imaging will be superimposed on the preoperative virtual surgical plan, and the deviation between the planned and achieved osteotomy/odontotomy will be quantified. Accuracy will be assessed using linear deviation, expressed in millimeters (mm), and, where applicable, angular deviation, expressed in degrees (°). Measurements will include the discrepancy in the position, extent, and orientation of the performed surgical cuts relative to the corresponding planned cuts. For each osteotomy or odontotomy, the measured deviations will be recorded and summarized using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, median, range, and 95% confidence intervals, as appropriate.

2. Accuracy of Freehand Three-Dimensional Orthodontic Bracket Positioning Assessed by Linear and Angular Deviations from the Planned Position

   Time frame: 1 month

   The accuracy of freehand orthodontic bracket placement will be evaluated by comparing the clinically achieved bracket position with the predefined three-dimensional virtual bracket position.

   Digital models obtained after bracket placement will be superimposed on the corresponding preoperative digital models or virtual treatment plan. Three-dimensional discrepancies between the planned and achieved bracket positions will be quantified for each bracket. Accuracy will be assessed using linear deviations, expressed in millimeters (mm), along the mesiodistal, occlusogingival, and buccolingual axes, as well as angular deviations, expressed in degrees (°), including tip, torque, and rotational discrepancies.

   For each bracket, the measured deviations will be recorded and summarized using descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, median, range, and 95% confidence intervals, as appropriate. Aggregate values may also be calculated at the patient and study-group levels.