Effects of Dietary Supplements on Muscle Mass and Function While Using GLP-1 Medication

Inclusion criteria

• Male or female ≥18 years of age at screening visit.
• BMI >27 kg/m² with weight-related conditions OR BMI >30 kg/m².
• Taking any FDA-approved GLP-1 medication, daily oral or weekly injectable, started up to three months ago, and experiencing at least 1 lb of weight loss per week.
• Screening laboratory tests without significant abnormalities that might interfere with the study.

Exclusion criteria

• Consume spices regularly >5 g/day.
• Allergy or sensitivity to spices, or history of allergy or anaphylaxis of any kind.
• Diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes.
• Vegans/vegetarians.
• Consuming protein, amino acid, or creatine supplements; occasional or infrequent use (1 serving per week or less) is allowed.
• Milk protein allergy.
• Severe lactose intolerance.
• Current diagnosis of alcoholism or substance addiction.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP >170 or diastolic BP >100).
• Eating a high-fiber/polyphenol diet or taking medication or dietary supplements that interfere with the absorption of polyphenols.
• Frequently using prebiotics, probiotics, yogurt, and/or fiber supplements.
• Pregnant, breastfeeding, or unwilling to practice birth control during study participation.
• Presence of a condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise participant safety or data quality.
• Renal impairment measured as eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m² (<60 mL/min/1.73 m² in subjects treated with SGLT2i), according to the CKD-EPI creatinine equation as defined by KDIGO 2012.
• Any unstable medical conditions or terminal diagnosis.
• Unstable thyroid disease-not taking medication or medication dosage changed one or more times over the last 6 months. Stable thyroid disease on an unchanged prescription medication dose for ≥6 months is acceptable.
• Current use of insulin or oral medication of metformin, SU, SGLT2i, glitazone, or DPP4 as single-agent therapy or combination oral agents.
• Taking GLP-1 medications for more than 3 months.
• Have a medical implant or other metal implant, including a pacemaker.
• Unwilling to stay on a GLP-1 medication for 6 months or for the duration of study participation.