Dynamic Relationships Between Estrogen Fluctuations, Sleep, and Psychiatric Complexity Among Adolescent Females With ADHD

The overall objective is to establish the feasibility of collecting estradiol (E2), Garmin-measured sleep, and ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of ADHD and related symptoms (mood, anxiety, executive functioning) among adolescent females with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and explore the links between within-individual E2 variability and EMA-derived outcomes, across menstrual cycles in this population. We aim to establish sufficient pilot data to support a large-scale study focused on characterizing relationships between E2 across the menstrual cycle, sleep, ADHD symptoms, and related symptomatology in adolescent females with ADHD. Participants will complete an initial screening visit answering questionnaires related to puberty, ADHD, and sleep to establish eligibility. After completing a device training session, we will ask participants to provide daily urine E2 samples and EMA brief assessments of ADHD and related clinical features (i.e., mood, executive functioning, sleep) over 2 menstrual cycles (~56 days). Sleep will be assessed continuously over the study period via convenient wearable (Garmin watch). Feasibility of protocol will be assessed as days of successful E2 data collection, EMA completion, and Garmin wear. Feasibility benchmark=80% actual/anticipated data collection. Multilevel modeling will explore the relationship between within-person changes in E2, ADHD symptoms and related clinical outcomes, and whether sleep strengthens (moderates) these relationships.

Inclusion criteria

• Female;
• Ages 11-15;
• Within 2 years of first menstrual cycle (menarche);
• Parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and T score ≥65 on Inattention and/or Hyperactivity/Impulsivity via Conners
• Access to internet and smartphone device with capacity to download the intervention App (iOS and Android);

Exclusion criteria

• Reported psychotic or bipolar disorder, sleep apnea, or restless leg syndrome;
• Current suicidality/self-harm;
• Plans to initiate/change psychotropic or sleep medications during participation