Family TIME: A Family-focused Nursing Intervention for Adults Receiving Haemodialysis and Their Families

Adults living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience substantial physical, emotional, and social challenges that extend beyond the individual and influence everyday family life. Family members frequently take on important supportive roles while simultaneously experiencing changes in family routines, responsibilities, communication, and well-being. Although family involvement is recognised as an important component of person-centred CKD care, structured family-focused interventions remain limited, and evidence supporting their implementation in routine nephrology practice is scarce.

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Family Time, a nurse-led family-focused intervention developed to support communication, shared understanding, and relational well-being among adults living with CKD and their families. The intervention has been developed following the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions and informed by evidence synthesis, qualitative research, stakeholder workshops, and patient and family involvement.

A mixed-methods randomised feasibility trial will be conducted at two in-centre haemodialysis units in Denmark. Adults receiving in-centre haemodialysis and at least one participating family member will be allocated to either the Family Time intervention plus usual care or usual care alone. The intervention consists of three structured family conversations delivered over approximately 8 weeks, with the option of one additional follow-up conversation. Sessions are facilitated by the principal investigator and may be delivered face-to-face, online, or by telephone according to family preferences and practical circumstances.

The primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures, including recruitment, retention, intervention delivery, questionnaire completion, and participant experiences. Secondary exploratory outcomes include family functioning, individual well-being, and family communication, assessed using the Iceland Expressive Family Functioning Questionnaire (ICE-EFFQ), the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and post-intervention qualitative interviews.

The findings will inform refinement of both the intervention and study procedures and determine whether progression to a future definitive randomised controlled trial is warranted.

Inclusion criteria

• Adult patient aged 18 years or older
• Currently receiving in-centre haemodialysis for CKD
• Has received in-centre haemodialysis for at least 3 months
• Able to read, speak, and understand Danish
• Able to provide written informed consent
• Able to identify at least one family member willing to participate
• Participating family member aged 18 years or older
• Participating family member able to speak and understand Danish
• Participating family member able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

• Documented cognitive impairment preventing informed consent or participation
• Clinically assessed as too physically or psychologically unwell to participate
• Unable to participate in Danish
• Currently receiving structured family therapy or another family-focused psychosocial intervention