Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.
Inclusion criteria
Women aged 18-65 years. Histologically confirmed stage I-II nonmetastatic breast cancer. Completion of indicated primary cancer treatment at least 6 months before enrollment and currently in remission.
Ongoing endocrine therapy was permitted. No participation in regular structured physical activity during the preceding 6 months.
Medically eligible to participate in aerobic exercise and study assessments. Physician clearance to participate in aerobic exercise. Residing in or near the city where the study was conducted. Provision of written informed consent.
Exclusion criteria
Metastatic breast cancer. Clinically significant cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions that could limit safe participation in aerobic exercise.
Clinically significant lymphedema. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Use within the preceding 8 weeks of antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, chronic analgesics, or sedatives considered likely to influence cognitive assessments or biological outcomes.