Clinical Validation of a Pre-trained and Fine-tuned Model for Analyzing Time-Series Electronic Health Records in Critical Care

The clinical validation design combines a retrospective cohort study with a prospective cohort study.

Inclusion criteria

• Age ≥ 18 years, no gender restriction;
• ICU length of stay ≥ 24 hours (to ensure sufficient time-series monitoring data for model generation);
• Complete electronic health record data, including baseline demographic characteristics and at least one complete laboratory test record after ICU admission.

Exclusion criteria

• Patients who are transferred out or die within 24 hours of ICU admission;
• Duplicate admission records for non-initial ICU admissions (only the initial ICU admission record is retained to ensure independence);
• Severe deficiency in core data (e.g., absence of major vital sign recordings or > 50% missing key laboratory test results);
• Patients with abandonment of treatment or discharge against medical advice, leading to inability to ascertain the definitive clinical outcome.