Witness Project Lung

Number of participants in the two groups that get screened (have a computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan).

Number of participants in the two groups that get screened (have a computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan).

Stage of Adoption for Decision-Making About Lung Screening will be assessed with an algorithm of questions used in the investigator's prior studies assessing the 7 stages (unaware, aware but unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, action, and maintenance). This will allow us to assess intent if someone has "decided to act".

Stage of Adoption for Decision-Making About Lung Screening will be assessed with an algorithm of questions used in the investigator's prior studies assessing the 7 stages (unaware, aware but unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, action, and maintenance). This will allow us to assess intent if someone has "decided to act".

Stage of Adoption for Decision-Making About Lung Screening will be assessed with an algorithm of questions used in the investigator's prior studies assessing the 7 stages (unaware, aware but unengaged, undecided, decided not to act, decided to act, action, and maintenance). This will allow us to assess intent if someone has "decided to act".

Medical Mistrust will be measured using the psychometrically validated 5-item scale with items ranging from 5 (low mistrust) to 25 (high mistrust). This measure assesses constructs related to mistrust of the medical system including suspicion, discrimination, and lack of support. Reliability and validity have been well established with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87-0.88.

Medical Mistrust will be measured using the psychometrically validated 5-item scale with items ranging from 5 (low mistrust) to 25 (high mistrust). This measure assesses constructs related to mistrust of the medical system including suspicion, discrimination, and lack of support. Reliability and validity have been well established with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87-0.88.

Medical Mistrust will be measured using the psychometrically validated 5-item scale with items ranging from 5 (low mistrust) to 25 (high mistrust). This measure assesses constructs related to mistrust of the medical system including suspicion, discrimination, and lack of support. Reliability and validity have been well established with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87-0.88.

Perceived Smoking-Related Stigma will be measured using the 5-item smoking-related stigma subscale of the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale ranging from 5 (low perceived stigma) to 25 (high perceived stigma). Cronbach's alphas were 0.75 to 0.89 in prior studies.

Perceived Smoking-Related Stigma will be measured using the 5-item smoking-related stigma subscale of the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale ranging from 5 (low perceived stigma) to 25 (high perceived stigma). Cronbach's alphas were 0.75 to 0.89 in prior studies.

Perceived Smoking-Related Stigma will be measured using the 5-item smoking-related stigma subscale of the Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale ranging from 5 (low perceived stigma) to 25 (high perceived stigma). Cronbach's alphas were 0.75 to 0.89 in prior studies.

Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Lung Screening will be assessed with a 7-item multidimensional scale used in the investigator's preliminary studies adapted from literature specific to lung cancer. Several aspects will be assessed, including knowledge of lung cancer, risk, and screening. Range of scores is 0 (no knowledge) to 7 (high level of knowledge).

Knowledge of Lung Cancer and Lung Screening will be assessed with a 7-item multidimensional scale used in the investigator's preliminary studies adapted from literature specific to lung cancer. Several aspects will be assessed, including knowledge of lung cancer, risk, and screening. Range of scores is 0 (no knowledge) to 7 (high level of knowledge).

Perceived Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening Scale has 17 items with four-point Likert responses where 1=strongly disagree and 4=strongly agree. The range of scores is 17 to 68 (higher perceived barriers) with a Cronbach's a of 0.87 in the investigator's preliminary psychometric study.

Perceived Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening Scale has 17 items with four-point Likert responses where 1=strongly disagree and 4=strongly agree. The range of scores is 17 to 68 (higher perceived barriers) with a Cronbach's a of 0.87 in the investigator's preliminary psychometric study.

Perceived Barriers to Lung Cancer Screening Scale has 17 items with four-point Likert responses where 1=strongly disagree and 4=strongly agree. The range of scores is 17 to 68 (higher perceived barriers) with a Cronbach's a of 0.87 in the investigator's preliminary psychometric study.

Social Influence will be measured with 4 items adapted from the Social Influence Scale measuring factors associated with lung screening across gender, ethnicity, and prior screening. Responses range from 1=not important to 4=very important. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 in the investigator's community-based prior study.

Social Influence will be measured with 4 items adapted from the Social Influence Scale measuring factors associated with lung screening across gender, ethnicity, and prior screening. Responses range from 1=not important to 4=very important. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 in the investigator's community-based prior study.

Social Influence will be measured with 4 items adapted from the Social Influence Scale measuring factors associated with lung screening across gender, ethnicity, and prior screening. Responses range from 1=not important to 4=very important. Cronbach's alpha was 0.81 in the investigator's community-based prior study.

The dichotomous question, "Have you shared information about lung screening with others?" will be asked. If yes, an open-ended response space will be offered to elaborate.

Built environment will be measured for each church community and community site calculating attributes using a ½ mile buffer area around the church or community site and include distance to 1) public transportation, 2) nearest lung cancer screening facility, and 3) nearest public health facility with primary care or family medicine.