Project Leo: Trauma-Informed Yoga for Preschool Children and Parents

Presence and severity of stress symptoms will be assessed (parent-reported) using the Young Child PTSD Checklist (YCPC). The 30-item scale yields a sum score ranging from 0 to 120, with higher scores indicating more severe stress symptoms.

The child's sleep quality will be assessed (parent-reported) using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire Abbreviated (CSHQ). The 22-item scale yields a sum score ranging from 0 to 88, with higher scores indicating more severe sleep problems.

The quality of the child-parent relationship will be assessed (parent-reported) using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale - Short Form (CPRS-SF), specifically the Closeness subscale. The 7-item subscale yields a sum score of 7 to 35, with higher scores indicating greater closeness. Higher closeness scores reflect better relationship between the child and the parent.

The quality of the child-parent relationship will be assessed (parent-reported) using the Child-Parent Relationship Scale - Short Form (CPRS-SF), specifically the Conflict subscale. The 8-item subscale yields a sum score of 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater conflict. Lower conflict scores reflect better relationship between the child and the parent.

Presence and severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms will be assessed (self-reported) using the PCL-5 scale. The 20-item scale yields a sum score ranging from 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms.

The parent's sleep quality will be assessed (self-reported) using the Sleep Disturbance PROMIS SF 8b. The 8-item scale yields a sum score ranging from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating more severe sleep problems.

The parent's self-confidence in their ability to handle their child's behavior problems will be assessed (self-reported) by the Brief Parental Self-Efficacy Scale. The 5-item scale yields a sum score ranging from 5 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater self-confidence.

If the child experiences pain, pain severity will be assessed (parent-reported) using one item from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Pain severity will be rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher rating indicating more severe pain.

If the child experiences pain, pain interference with routine activities will be assessed (parent-reported) using one item from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The level of how much the pain interferes with routine activities will be rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher ratings indicating greater interference.

If the parent experiences pain, pain severity will be assessed (self-reported) using one item from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Pain severity will be rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher rating indicating more severe pain.

If the parent experiences pain, pain interference will be assessed (self-reported) using two items from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). The level of how much the pain interferes with (a) enjoyment in life and with (b) routine activities will be rated on a scale from 0 to 10, with higher ratings indicating greater interference.

Recruitment will be calculated as the proportion of enrolled participants to interested individuals during the recruitment period.

Retention will be calculated as the proportion of participants who completed the intervention to participants who gave their consent to participate.

Percentage of participants completing at least 75% of the group sessions AND at least 4 at-home practices per week. Group session attendance will be monitored by the research team. At-home practice will be self-reported via a daily practice log.

Parents will be asked if they liked the intervention on a scale of 0 to 10, with higher ratings indicating greater liking and better acceptability of the intervention among parents.

Parents will be asked about the likelihood that they would recommend the program to others, rated from 0 to 100%, with higher ratings indicating a greater likelihood of recommending the intervention and better acceptability of the intervention among parents.