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Completed

NCT Number: NCT07786558

Ukulele Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Postpartum Comfort

This study aims to examine whether listening to live ukulele music after cesarean delivery can help reduce pain-related distress and anxiety and improve comfort in women who have given birth by cesarean section for the first time.

Women participating in the study will be randomly assigned to either a ukulele music group or a routine care group. Women in the ukulele music group will listen to live ukulele music for 30 minutes at 24 hours after cesarean delivery. Women in the routine care group will receive the usual care provided by the hospital.

The study will compare the two groups in terms of pain-related thoughts and distress, postpartum anxiety, and overall comfort during the early postpartum period. The findings may help determine whether live ukulele music can be used as a simple, non-drug approach to support women during recovery after cesarean delivery.

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Key information

Conditions

Postpartum Anxiety Disorders Mental Disorders Neurologic Manifestations Pain Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms

Age range

18 year–35 year

Sex eligibility

Female

Study type

Interventional

Phase

Not applicable

Primary location

Selcuk University

Konya, Turkey (Türkiye)

About this study

Cesarean delivery is a common surgical method of childbirth and may be associated with pain, anxiety, psychological stress, and difficulties in adapting to the early postpartum period. Non-pharmacological approaches may help support women's comfort and psychological well-being during this period.

This study evaluates whether listening to live ukulele music after cesarean delivery can reduce pain catastrophizing and postpartum-specific anxiety and improve postpartum comfort in primiparous women. Participants are randomly assigned to either a ukulele music group or a routine care group.

Women in the intervention group receive a 30-minute live ukulele music session at 24 hours after cesarean delivery. The same standardized melody is performed by the researcher in the participant's room. Women in the control group receive routine postoperative care without an additional intervention during the study assessment period.

The effects of the intervention are evaluated using standardized questionnaires assessing pain catastrophizing, postpartum-specific anxiety, and postpartum comfort. The study aims to determine whether a brief, non-pharmacological music intervention may be a feasible complementary approach to support women's psychological well-being and pain management during the early postpartum period.

The study is intended to provide information that may be useful to women, families, nurses, midwives, and other healthcare professionals interested in supportive and non-pharmacological approaches to postpartum care.

Who can participate

Healthy volunteers accepted: Yes

Only the study team can determine whether someone qualifies for participation.

Inclusion criteria

  • Primiparous women who have undergone cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia
  • No chronic disease
  • Turkish-speaking
  • Able to communicate effectively
  • Willing to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

  • Hearing impairment
  • Cesarean delivery performed under epidural or general anesthesia
  • Development of postoperative complications
  • Requirement for additional analgesics beyond routine postoperative treatment

Treatment and study plan

Live Ukulele Music

Behavioral

Women who were admitted to the postoperative unit and met the eligibility criteria were assessed by the researcher. Eligible women were provided with written and verbal information about the purpose of the study, the intervention procedures, ethical and institutional permissions, and the confidentiality of personal information. Written informed consent was obtained from women who agreed to participate in the study. Participants were assigned to the intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization sequence created with the RANDOM.ORG Sequence Generator (RANDOM.ORG, 2026).

After the Informed Consent Form and Introductory Characteristics Questionnaire were administered to women assigned to the intervention group, the same standardized melody was performed live on the ukulele by the researcher for 30 minutes at 24 hours postoperatively. Following the intervention, the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Pain Catastrophizin

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Catastrophizing Level

    Time frame: Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

    Pain catastrophizing will be assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item self-report instrument assessing rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Total scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain catastrophizing. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

  2. Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Level

    Time frame: Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

    Postpartum-specific anxiety will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS). The scale consists of 47 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher total scores indicating higher levels of postpartum-specific anxiety. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

  3. Postpartum Comfort Level

    Time frame: Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

    Postpartum comfort will be assessed using the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ), a 34-item instrument evaluating physical, psychospiritual, and sociocultural comfort. Total scores range from 34 to 170, with higher scores indicating higher levels of postpartum comfort. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

Sponsors and collaborators

Lead sponsor

Selcuk University

Other

Registry information

Official study title

The Effect of Ukulele Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Postpartum Comfort in Women Who Underwent Cesarean Delivery

Important dates

Study start
2025
Primary completion
2025
Study completion
2025
First posted
Aug 26, 2026
Registry last updated
Aug 26, 2026

OpenTrials presents study information sourced from ClinicalTrials.gov. The official registry record should be consulted for the latest information.

View the official ClinicalTrials.gov record (opens in a new tab)

This listing is for discovery and informational purposes only. It is not medical advice, does not guarantee that a study is recruiting, and does not determine eligibility. Contact the study team and a qualified healthcare professional when considering participation.

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