Effects of a Digital AI-Mediated Mindful Eating Intervention on Eating Behavior and Well-Being Outcomes in College Students

State anxiety will be measured using the 6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-6. Six items (e.g., "I felt upset these past 2 weeks.") rated from 1 (Not at all) to 4 (Very much so) will be averaged. Higher composite scores indicate higher levels of anxiety.

Perceived stress will be measured by an adapted version of the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). One sample item is "In the last 2 weeks, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life? ", and items are scored from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very often). The composite score is calculated by averaging the scores of all items after reverse coding two of the items; higher scores indicate greater levels of perceived stress.

Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) will be evaluated using the affect scale developed by Conner and Silvia, according to principles of the Circumplex Model of Affect. Participants will rate feelings such as 'Enthusiastic' and 'Hostile' experienced over the past two weeks, from a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = Not at all, 5 = Extremely). Composite scores will be calculated by averaging the positive affect items and negative affect items accordingly.

Mindful eating will be measured by the 17-item Mindful Eating Behavior Scale (MEBS) which consists of 4 domains: Focused Eating (e.g. "I notice flavors and textures when I'm eating my food"), Hunger and Satiety Cues (e.g. "I trust my body to tell me when to eat"), Eating with Awareness (reverse scored, e.g. "I snack without being aware that I am eating"), and Eating Without Distraction (reverse scored, e.g. "My thoughts tend to wander while I am eating.") Each item is scored from 1 (Never) to 5 (Very often). Scores will be averaged across domains.

Eating behavior is measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Items are scored by calculating the average score for three eating styles of restrained eating, emotional eating and external eating. It contains 33 items (11 each style), each rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Never, 5 = Very Often). Scores are averaged across domains.

Life satisfaction will be measured using an adapted version of Diener's Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The scale consists of 5 items e.g. "The conditions of my life these past 2 weeks are excellent." and is scored from 1 (Strongly disagree) to 7 (Strongly agree). Scores will be averaged and higher scores indicate higher life satisfaction.

Perceived physical and mental health will be assessed using a self-report single-item measure of general health status. Participants will respond to the question, "How would you rate your physical(mental) health over the past two weeks?" Responses will be rated on a 5-point scale from 1 (Poor) to 5 (Excellent). Higher scores indicate better perceived physical health.

AI Attitude is measured by the 12-item Attitudes towards artificial intelligence Scale (ATTARI). One example item is "I look forward to future AI developments", and items are scored from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). There are three facets: Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral. Scores are averaged across domains and higher scores indicate more favorable attitudes toward AI.