Liver Volume Metrics for Predicting Immunotherapy Prognosis in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study retrospectively analyzes the clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received immunotherapy across multiple clinical centers. Pre-treatment imaging data will be utilized to segment and quantify functional liver volume and total liver volume. Statistical and survival analyses will be performed to evaluate the correlation between these volumetric metrics and patient prognosis, including overall survival and progression-free survival, aiming to establish a robust stratification approach for individualized treatment strategies.

Inclusion criteria

• Age >= 18 years.
• Clinically or histologically confirmed unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
• Received immunotherapy as part of their tumor treatment regimen.
• Availability of high-quality baseline pre-treatment imaging data suitable for functional liver volume and total liver volume segmentation.
• Complete clinical and follow-up survival data.

Exclusion criteria

• - Prior surgical resection or liver transplantation for HCC.
• Co-existence of other concurrent primary malignant tumor types.
• Severe image artifacts or technical limitations that prevent robust liver volume quantification.
• Incomplete medical records, missing key baseline clinical data, or loss to follow-up.