The Effect of an AIoT-Based Smart Exercise System in Older Adults

Number of full stands that can completed in 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.

Number of full stands that can be completed 30 seconds with arms folded across chest.

Sarcopenia weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).

Participants's weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters is recorded as Body Mass Index (BMI).

Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.

Number of seconds required to get up from a seated position, walk 8 feet, turn, and return to seated position.

To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.

To walk as much as possible within six minutes and measure the total distance traveled.

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.

Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), which is the sum of the muscle masses of the four limbs as appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters, is detected by TANITA MC-780MA body composition analyzer.

Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.

Back scratch with one hand reaching over shoulder and one up the middle of the back, the distance (cm) between extended middle fingers is recorded.

From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.

From a sitting position at front of chair, with leg extended and hands reaching toward toes, the distance (cm) between extended fingers and tip of toe is recorded.

2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.

2-minute step test is to complete steps in 2 minutes. Number of full steps completed in 2 minutes is recorded.

Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.

Participant is instructed to stand by one leg with eye open, the number of seconds is recorded.

Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer

Hand grip strength test is performed by HandGRIP Dynamometer

Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.

Risk factors for fractures and falls and has grown to look at various determinants of successful aging. Three questions about frailty and two questions about depression.

The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia that assesses strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls. Scores range from 0 to 10, with scores ≥4 indicating a higher risk of sarcopenia.

The SARC-F questionnaire is a Fast diagnostic test for SARCopenia that assesses strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls. Scores range from 0 to 10, with scores ≥4 indicating a higher risk of sarcopenia.

The EQ-5D is a standardized questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Higher scores indicate greater health problems.

The EQ-5D is a standardized questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Higher scores indicate greater health problems.

The 8 items of the questionnaire included Dimensions, Weight, Ease in Adjusting, Safety and Security, Durability, Ease of Use, Comfortable, and Effectiveness. Each item employed a 5-point scale, with 1-point representing not satisfied at all, and 5-point representing very satisfied. Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology.

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is a reliable, 10-item Likert-scale questionnaire utilized to provide a global evaluation of a system's usability and user-friendliness. Each item is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better system usability.

Facial movement will be recorded by video during exercise.

Heart rate is monitored continuously during exercise sessions.

Rating of perceived exertion is assessed during exercise sessions to characterize participants' perceived exercise intensity.