Safety and Efficacy of Cryoablation for Thyroid Tumors

Inclusion criteria

【Group 1: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients】

• Pre-operative ultrasound evaluation shows the maximum tumor diameter <1 cm;
• Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) confirmed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy;
• Solitary PTC confirmed by pre-operative ultrasound;
• Imaging examinations demonstrate no extrathyroidal invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis.

【Group 2: Benign thyroid nodule patients】

• Benign nodule confirmed by puncture biopsy;
• Preoperative ultrasound confirms solid nodule with maximum diameter greater than 2 cm;
• Patients refuse surgical treatment or cannot tolerate surgery, voluntarily receive thyroid ablation therapy and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

【Group 1: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) patients】

• (1) Biopsy confirms high-risk subtype papillary thyroid carcinoma; (2) History of thyroid surgery or radiotherapy; (3) Complicated with malignant tumors in other sites; (4) Severe coagulation dysfunction, or patients taking oral anticoagulants who have not reached the required drug-withdrawal period; (5) Incomplete follow-up data. 【Group 2: Benign thyroid nodule patients】

• Patients with uncorrected psychiatric disorders or consciousness disturbance who cannot cooperate with treatment;
• Patients with neck extension disorders of various causes who cannot cooperate with treatment;
• Severe coagulation dysfunction, or patients taking oral anticoagulants who have not completed the required drug withdrawal period;
• Severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency and inability to lie supine for the procedure;
• Unrecovered recurrent laryngeal nerve injury contralateral to the lesion.